Should a moment of silence be legal in public sc Essays - Prayer

Should a snapshot of quietness be lawful in open sc Essays - Prayer Should a snapshot of quiet be legitimate in government funded schools? In 1962 the Supreme Court concluded that open schools didn't have the ability to approve school supplication. This choice made state funded school in the U.S. more agnostic than numerous European countries. For instance, crosses despite everything hang on the study hall dividers in Poland, and the Ten Instructions are shown in Hungary. There are supplications held toward the start of authoritative what's more, legal meetings and each President has referenced a perfect force in his debut discourse. With regards to a feeling of strict opportunity as expressed in the First Amendment, there is no motivation behind why understudies ought not be permitted to have a snapshot of quiet during the school day when they can implore or do as they pick. The case Engel v. Vitale in 1962 concluded that school supplication is unlawful. With this case, it was brought up that the understudies were to willfully discuss the accompanying petition: All-powerful God, we recognize our reliance upon Thee, and we ask Thy favors upon us, our guardians, our instructors, and our nation. The court decided that this standard was unlawful as indicated by the First Amendment's foundation provision, which states Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion. because of the Engel v.Vitale case a few schools received a snapshot of quietness. In 1963, another case was brought under the watchful eye of the court managing school petition, Abington School Locale v. Schempp. The Schempp family tested a law in Pennsylvania requiring the understudies to state ten refrains of the Bible before school. These readings from the Bible were proclaimed illegal. Individuals from the board felt perusing the Bible would give the youngsters increasingly virtues. The Schempp family emphatically oppose this idea. Individuals from Congress endeavored to discover a trade off. From this exertion came the selection existing apart from everything else of quiet, which is ensured by the First Amendment's Free Exercise proviso. Six states currently grant quiet minutes Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Alabama. Quiet supplication was governed protected in 1985 as long as it had no strict plan or reason. (Newsweek, October 3, 1994) Petition has been prohibited in schools for thirty-three a long time. The snapshot of quietness has been dominated protected, in any case. Each understudy fills a snapshot of quietness in an alternate manner: through tune, a supplication, or a memory. Newsweek, October 3, 1994, vol. 124. U.S. News and World Report, December 5, 1995 Vol. 117, No. 22, pg. 8-9. The Case of Engel v. Vitale 370 U.S. 421 1962, p. 118-119. Abington School District v. Schempp 374 U.S. 203; 83 S. Ct. 1560; 10 L. Ed. 2d 844 1963, pg. 529-530.

Classical Music Concert with 3 Instruments essays

Old style Music Concert with 3 Instruments papers Old style Music is as yet well known after it has just produced for many years. Presently, there are as yet numerous individuals entrance this novel sort of performing music by numerous old style instruments. Not at all like pop instruments, traditional instruments are typically significantly more tranquil. Accordingly, the environment they make is very pacific; this sort of air is easy to delineate numerous scenes of numerous accounts. The show, Bonie Hampton and Faculty Friends: A Chamber Music Reunion, which was performed by workforce of Juilliard School of Music, is a great old style execution with just piano, violin, and viola. It created a very quiet felling to audience members and permitted audience members to come out of numerous psychological impressions of a wide range of scenes in their brains. Before the show began, audience members were holding up in the reserve line and talking about the significance and substance of the show with one another. I heard that this show was centennial that performed by some accomplished resources of Julliard School and those resources would not perform freely frequently. This show got baffling to me at that point. The main melody in the show was called Robert Mann and Earl Carlyss, which was performed by piano and viola. It had a moderate rhythm toward the start and persistently accelerating. At the point when the tune began, the dynamic was piano, following a moment, it became mezzo-piano. By and large, the whole tune was crescendo. In the melody, there were a couple of seconds that had subito from piano to specialty; it made numerous astonishments for each audience. I was stunned when subito occurred. After the subito, the dynamic turned decrescendo. During the subito-decrescendo period, the whole powerful resembled an individual climbed a slope all over. The melody appeared to be increasingly intriguing to the audience members, particularly to me. The environment of the entire tune was from tranquil to... <!

Heres How to Make Sure Your Social Media Essay Shines (With a Sample Essay)

Heres How to Make Sure Your Social Media Essay Shines (With a Sample Essay) Social media use is on the rise and shows little signs of slowing down. In fact, according to some of the most recent statistics (2019), there are 3.2 billion social media users worldwide, equating to about 42% of the current population.There are 3.2 billion social media users worldwide, equating to about 42% of the current population. Photo by Hamza Bounaim on Unsplash.Standing most obviously among these giants of popularity is Facebook, with over 2.32 billion active monthly users, making it the most widely used social media platform. Approximately two-thirds of U.S. adults (68%) now report that they are Facebook users.With this many people on Facebook, and other forms of social media, the topic has obviously become part of our international dialogue regarding community standards, fair use, and protecting ones privacy online. For these reasons, as you enter into a learning community, youll likely be asked to write a social media essay or an essay on the topic of social media.In this article, we will discuss how to:Research your social media essayDraft an outline for itWrite your social media essay (with samples)ResearchReady to get started? Obviously, researching the topic is the first step to writing a social media essay once youve determined what you want to write about. In this case, the broader topic is social media but youll need to narrow that down in order to determine how to organize your essay. Here are a few ideas to get you started:Social media essay topicsHow has social media changed culture over the past 10 years? Do you think these changes were good or bad?Do you think social media has brought us closer together? Or has it caused distance between people?What are some ways social media has been used to stir political change or controversy? Has this been a problem or a benefit for society, as a whole?Do you think its important to take a periodic extended break from social media? Why or why not?Do you believe cyberbullying is a problem on social med ia, and if so, how can we fix it or put an end to it?Find valid sourcesNow that youve determined how to narrow down the topic to something interesting to write about relating to social media, lets look at how to find valid sources for your social media essay. Keep in mind that there will be a lot of information available online concerning social mediaâ€"some of it is useful and important, some of it isnt. The important thing now is to determine what makes a source valid and how to locate that source.Valid sources are sources that are crafted from research. They are sources written by experts in the field who have a grasp of whats going on across its ever-changing landscape. You can locate valid sources by looking for marketing studies that have been done, such as those conducted by organizations like Pew Research. According to its site, Pew Research is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. This means that they provi de valid, important statistics and data that can help shape research.Draft an outline for itOnce you get your essay topic determined, its best to go ahead and start working on an outline based on what youve discovered in your research. For this article, well choose the topic: Do you think its important to take a periodic extended break from social media? Why or why not?After researching information, my outline might look something like this:IntroductionMention the purpose of the essay (which is to discuss your narrowed topic related to social media)A thesis statement that best answers the question related to your chosen topic. Those who participate in social media on a daily basis should take periodic extended breaks from their social media use to encourage mental wellbeing.Body para 1Psychologists have determined that extended social media use can be damaging for a persons mental wellness.Offer examplesBody para 2Social media and cell phone use make us more lonely and depressed.Off er examplesBody para 3Taking sporadic, extended social media breaks allows the brain to reset and return to a less agitated conditionOffer examplesConclusionA brief restatement of your thesisWrite your essayNow its time to write the essay. Using your research and the outline youve created, your social media essay might look something like this:Sample social media essayHave you ever sat through minutes of endless scrolling and wanted to take a break from social media? If you answered yes, apparently, youre not the only one. In fact, those who participate in social media on a daily basis should take periodic extended breaks from their social media use to encourage mental wellbeing. A recent study conducted by the Associated Press and NORC at the University of Chicago asked 790 American teens (between the ages of 13 and 17) about their daily habits surrounding social media, messaging, and video content. According to the results, teens do, in fact, take social media breaksâ€"both becaus e they are forced to and because they choose to willingly.According to Dr. Kristen Fuller, Psychologist and writer for Psychology Today, all the social media use makes us constantly compare our lives with othersâ€"and not in a good way! We forget that we are only seeing the highlight reel of their lives, and when we compare our own, our own can look pretty drab by comparison. Dr. Fuller writes, We live in a world where we constantly compare our lives to others and oftentimes do not take time to recognize our triggers, defeats, challenges, accomplishments, and endeavors because we are so busy trying to present ourselves in the best form possible. We dont take a moment to unwind, take a deep breath, and disconnect from the world. Rarely do people post their daily struggles on their social media accounts, partially because we are driven by society to showcase the best parts of our lives and not our struggles.Beyond this, social media use can affect our mental wellbeing, including facto rs of loneliness and depression. In one University of Pennsylvania study, researchers examined how social media use causes fear of missing out. Some of the participants in the study limited their time on social media to 30 minutes a day, while the rest continued to use social media as they normally would use it. After three weeks, the participants who limited their time on social media said that they felt less depressed and lonely than people who had no social media limits.When we take sporadic breaks from social media, we allow ourselves to return to a less-glossy highlight reel. We focus more on day-to-day interactions that are face-to-faceâ€"interactions that are necessary for our emotional and spiritual wellbeing. If your best friend is having a birthday, calling him or her up to wish them a happy birthday is always more intimate and bonding that posting something on their Facebook wall. It shows that you went out of your way to have a real interactionâ€"one that isnt influenced by a lot of other peoples chatter and memes.In conclusion, I believe that social media plays an important role in society and has some benefits. However, it can also make us compare ourselves with others too quickly, or compare our real lives with their highlight reel on social media, since few posts about when theyre having a bad day. Without moderating our use of it, we could be allowing social media to send us into a spiral of depression and loneliness on the days when we are on it too much. Thats why regular, consistent social media breaks are importantâ€"to allow our brain to reset and return to remembering what it means to live life off of a digital highlight reel.Without moderating our use of it, we could be allowing social media to send us into a spiral of depression and loneliness on the days when we are on it too much. Photo by Robin Worrall on Unsplash,

Case Study Dollar General - 6246 Words

Case Study - Dollar General Institutional Affiliation Mission statement The Dollar General is an American wholesale company that was first initiated in Scottsville, Tennessee by Turner and Cal Turner. Its headquarters are located in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. The mission statement of the Dollar General is Serving Others. This mission statement helps to bring out the innate requests and intentions of the company in the United States of America and other countries in the world. The company has a vision that describes how it manages to cater for four different types of people. These four groups of people include the customers, the community, employees, and shareholders. Within these categories of people, Dollar General aspires to serve others through deliver of price quality and terrific prices for customers, opportunity, and respect for employees, a superior return for shareholders and a better life for the communities. Vision statement The Dollar General has the vision of believing in a number of activities that it seeks to deliver to the people. For instance, the Dollar General believes in respecting the personality and rights of its employees whatever their differences. The company believes in using decisions and actions that are direct from them. Moreover, the company likes being happy for the successes achieved, working hard in order to deliver goods and services to all its clients, and providing growth and development opportunities for employees in aShow MoreRelatedDollar General/Family Dollar Case Study759 Words   |  4 PagesKelli Moore Retailing (MG 181) Dollar General/Family Dollar Case Study 4/6/16 Walmart is the largest retailer in the world and is the second largest retailer, behind Amazon, in the United States. The majority of households in America shop at Walmart on a regular basis. However, Dollar General and Family Dollar have increasingly gained market-share over the years. 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In addition, many new students beginning their studies in this profession are increasingly unaware

Hearsay, Lies and Urdu Essay Topics List

Hearsay, Lies and Urdu Essay Topics List Teens should have to take parenting classes. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. They can opt for the most suitable homeschooling methodology and programs for their child. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. Books never ought to be banned. Readers may, obviously, disagree and create their own lists. Textbooks ought to be free. Children should have to read more. Urdu Essay Topics List Secrets There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Pressing Esc on your keyboard has the exact function. Though an excellent solution for one-on-one time, it may also be a costly choice. If your school doesn't offer a writing class, you might discover a workshop offered on campus or maybe a class it's possible to take online, if you're prepared to pay. The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. Background can be elaborate based on how much research was done in the region of your subject or related place. In the event the research is based on statistical data, then incorporate the quantities of the test benefits. Read all topics carefully and choose the one about which you're certain you have enough understanding. Language has an important and useful part in various phases of human's life. If you're struggling with writing essays and wish to increase your skills, taking a course or workshop can be exceedingly helpful. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. This novel is all about the relationships. Designed for this specific motive, the majority of people produce just personalized essays personalised so you can a demands. If you're a worldwide student worrying about your writing skills, there are a number of helpful resources which are available to you. Therefore, it proves a good aid in character-building. Get assistance with your writing. New Ideas Into Urdu Essay Topics List Never Before Revealed You may also get many discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Teens should have the ability to pick their bedtime. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Looking to get a term paper online. It is the sole book which a massive number of individuals have learned by heart. We Muslims repeat it several times every day, and it's known as the Fatiha, in other words, the preface or introduction. There are dozens and dozens of angels and archangels who are ready and prepared to help us. If most men and women experience any particular doubts, an individual can certainly get in contact with your good assist team evening as well as evening and of course pick up instantaneous benefit. Usually, representatives of student culture can create their very own original suggestions and demonstrate their opinions by way of peaceful demonstrations. This culture can be characterized with the support of particular criteria and all other cultures on earth. There are various people who may influence students in conditions of their actions and decisions. Learning the new language usually means that you wish to come up with a whole lot of new skills that can help you to process what other men and women say in different languages and to communicate with the folks of unique regions. Who Else Wants to Learn About Urdu Essay Topics List? As soon as you begin, don't stop! The majority of these topics may be used for debates. It might be beneficial to get together to encourage one another to write. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a particular age.

The Incredible Hulk Review Free Essays

{draw:g} â€Å"10 out of 10† says everyone! If not it is because they must be green with envy at the magnum opus that was synthesised by Louis Leterrier himself! But still no contest to the first film. â€Å"Unleash the fury† was the tagline for the intellectual production, which is â€Å"The Incredible Hulk† we can certainly say the viewers were filled with fury when the film came to an abrupt and odd ending when the wrecked city faded away with no questions answered. The film was far from incredible, I would say†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unconceivable and that alone wouldn’t put a smile on my face. We will write a custom essay sample on The Incredible Hulk Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The film opens with the traditional Marvel trademark guarantying another larger-than-life, adrenaline filled and gleaming adaptation summoned from Stan Lee’s genius psyche. We have a glance into the terrible accident that ruined Bruce Banner’s (Edward Norton) life, a brilliant (or terrible? ) experiment involving gamma radiation that renders a monstrous alter-ego that convenes when Bruce’s anger meter reaches boiling point. We witness where he has been lowered to; a favela in Brazil where the fear of being shipped off to a Government facility to be experimented on dominates his every thought. We see a little box that reads: Days without Incidence: 145. His efforts to hide himself from recognition have failed him when a single drop of blood oozes from his finger and we get a close up of the betraying blood as it cascades towards the empty bottles, Louis’s camera shot created the effect of a dramatic fall because of the sheer speed at which the blood fell. The Government catch way of the concealed fugitive and the chase is on. The battle begins in the streets of the favela town and the end is inevitable. Yes, the hulk does demonstrate his effortless ability to destroy and exterminate things and yes, the Government agents go flying†¦.. But after the big brawl that trashed the town and left all Government agents hospitalised Bruce finds himself randomly in North America and the little box comes up again: Days without incidence: 0. He ventures to Culver University: were the hulk was born. He accidentally meets the love of his life, Betty (Liv Tyler) who was dating psychiatrist Leonard Samson (Ty Burrel) who is swiftly aborted when her eyes find themselves staring at Bruce, the connection is rapidly re-established. They seem to fall helplessly in love and their journey starts to try finding a cure in the hands of Mr Blue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In the intervening time a Government soldier named Blonsky (Tim Roth) has been put forward for a test to bestow the powers of the incredible hulk; enhanced strength, speed, agility, reflexes, endurance and healing. without the defect of massive size and loss of control. He slowly obtains the urge to become more powerful once he saw what the Hulk could do in a brilliant scene where Bruce had been driven to a glass bridge and gassed shadowing the talented Bruce to renovate into the highly powerful Hulk, the camera shot –A big close up- was effective because it slowly zoomed in to add anticipation to see what was going on in the glass bridge, Bruce is rapidly angered and he metamorphosis’s to the hulk then a huge green hand pounds against the glass, the soldiers pupils dilate at the fear inside them. The soldiers run like ants compared with the hulk when he smashing the glass and its integrate with one swoop. They learn that Sterns has developed a possible antidot that may cure Banner’s condition, or merely reverse each individual transformation. After a successful test, Sterns reveals that he has synthesized Banner’s blood sample (which he sent from Brazil) into a large supply with the intention of using it to bring humans to the next evolutionary level. Appalled by what Sterns had done and fearful of the Hulk’s power falling into the wrong hands, Banner attempts to convince Sterns to destroy the blood supply, but he is attacked by Ross’ forces and taken into custody with Betty. While Sterns is interrogated by a female soldier about his work, Blonsky strikes her down and demands that Sterns inject him with Banner’s blood sample, as he covets the awesome power of the Hulk. Sterns warns that the combination of the super soldier formula (which Blonsky has overdosed on, slightly deforming his skeleton) and a gamma treatment would be an unpredictable combination that could turn him into an â€Å"abomination†. Unconcerned, Blonsky forces Sterns to administer the gamma charge, and he mutates into a hideous monster, with strength and power that surpasses that of the Hulk, but retaining Blonsky’s intelligence and personality. He knocks Sterns aside and escapes, rampaging through the city to draw the Hulk out. At the lab, an irradiated sample of Banner’s blood-derivative drips into an open wound on Sterns’ temple, causing his head to mutate and expand, much to his delight. How to cite The Incredible Hulk Review, Papers

The Formation of a Custom Union

Abstract A customs union can be referred to as a trading conformity that permits duty-free distribution of goods and services between member partners and the application of a uniform external duty on goods bought from non-member states outside the trading block.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Formation of a Custom Union Between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, custom union eliminates any domestic obstacle to trade and calls for a harmonization of external trade policies. The custom agreement stipulates rules and regulation that are to be adhered to when dealing with products, either being exported or imported from any of the union member states. The trilateral no-custom agreement between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, came into effect, after the presidents of the three members country, approved to sign the custom code at a meeting between the three head of countries, which was held on July 2010 in Astana Kazakhstan (Tochistkaya 1). Though the trilateral agreement is expected to simplify trading relationship between the three Economies, it is unlikely that it will eliminate all levies in addition to duties. Introduction The Economic and political relationships between the three nations dates back several decades ago , putting into consideration that the three countries were members of the formal Soviet Union. From the time of split of the Soviet Union, there has existed a tarnished relationship among the former States of the Union. In particular, Russia has been accused of trying to establish political control over the rest of the countries in the region. Nevertheless, there has been a good political relationship between Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus. Economically, a cordial interaction between the three nations has existed, with a good example being reflected following the first attempt from the three nations, in trying to integrate the region economically as early as in 1995 (Wisniewska 3). In this particular attempt, though Russia was credited to have inspired the whole process, the partner member’s state had came up with uniform rates for goods imported, in addition to a joint custom code, which was to regulate the procedures used for commodities bought and sold within the custom territory. However, the difference in opinion and principles between the trading partners, could only allow the agreement to be implemented selectively (Wisniewska 3). Literature review The step taken by Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus in forming a custom union is very encouraging and worthy every effort made, due to the numerous advantages that are associated with such unifications. Forming a common market is a debatable issue and mostly when the question of whether it really enhances economic growth emerges.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Work by earlier researchers on the topic; shed a little light on the issue. Wisniewska (15) notes that that though there are plenty of benefits that accrue from such unions; giving examples in existence of stronger economic ties, in addition to faster economic growth and development between the trading nations, the author as well points out that there are moreover several negative implications that goes hand to hand with the formation of common markets. Wisniewska (16) reveals some of the ineffectiveness that resulted from measures undertaken by the association of â€Å"Central America common market† in effort to maintain the custom union. In his argument, the author comments that measure to come up with common custom practices do not necessarily move in the course of free and unrestricted trade organizations, that many parties aim to attain. The American common market, according to the Wisniewska (17), came up with inefficient manufacturing u nits, which made available to each other costly products for sale, which could not be sold to any other party outside the trading block. Therefore, the highly ineffective industries and the skyrocketing prices attached to products in addition to services sold to the member’s state, culminated to the union eventual downfall. Another negative consequence attributed to non-tariff barrier is the slowing down of trade. This factor is associated with the fact that non-tariff trade is usually involved with bureaucratic procedures involved in clearance of goods from different trading partners (Wisniewska 17). The author further notices that these bureaucratic procedures are applied to curtail overflowing of foreign goods into the domestic market. Influx of goods from foreign countries has various negative effects on the domestic industries. Some of these effects are attributed to the fact that most of the domestic industries are usually at their infant stage, and hence mounting enoug h competition with already established foreign industries is a hard nut to crack. The other limitation of non-tariff custom union is usually reflected in the fact that it is rare to find trading partner with equal economic strength and financial welfare (Alaxandrov 186). The author in addition explains that this situation usually create imbalanced trading atmosphere with some partners benefiting more than others do. Consequently, the political willingness of joining custom union is rare and especially among those countries that are economically marginalized. Alaxandrov (187) additionally observes that in undeveloped regions, it is very hard to come up with single currency to enhance smooth operation of trade within the region. Similarly, the author notes that maintaining of sovereignty is the other big issues concerned with custom integration. In most cases, the author as well remarks that such integrations usually make some countries to lose their ability to govern themselves or ma ke independent decision without seeking the approval of member’s states.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Formation of a Custom Union Between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Alaxandrov (190), for any integration to overcome most of the hurdles associated with development, there are a number of steps that should be well thought-out. The region of preferential trade is the first stage toward the success of any economic integration. The author specifically notes that this is usually witnessed when countries provide each other with reciprocated benefits that enhance positive trade. The second stage according to Alaxandrov (188) is reflected in custom union, which entails the lifting of cross-boarder trading block and coming up with a single foreign tax rate that is levied to goods from non-members countries. It should be noted according to the author th at at this particular stage all the major forces of trading restriction should be implemented by member’s countries. The open movement of commodities, capital and the work force, forms the third stage of establishing a successful custom integration. Lastly, Alaxandrov (189) notes that political unification which is out of the economic area concerned outlines the most vital and last stage of a successful economic integration. Despite the fact that a lot of paperwork is involved in the process of economic integration, Black (3) notes that eagerness and necessity of monetary and economic harmonization do not only progress at a snail pace, but also remarks that it step backward at time. By this, the author claims that economic objectivity as well as political willingness can avoid such situations from taking place. Economic reasons such as the varying levels of resources endowment between members country has been described by the author as the foremost challenge of integration bu ilding. Black (3) notes that economic integration between countries with equal degree of economic prosperity and financial comfort stands a better chance of being successful, compared to economic integration made by countries, which are differently endowed. In particular, the author critically analyzes the products traded by Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Black (4) points out that Belarus import oil, gas as well as metal from Russia. On the other hand Belarus sells Lorries and cars spare parts, in addition to daily products to Russia. On it part, Black observes that Russia heavily benefits from ores, chemical and metal products from Kazakhstan.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from the trading products between the three countries, Iwona (4) in addition observes that similar to other custom unions, there are a number of other gains, which the three countries can derive from this integration apart from abolition of tariffs. He point out some of the gains as the removal of other hindrances to competition, and those that impede the trade flow. However, black (4) remarks that out of this economic integration; there are few concerns likely to emerge. The author notes that for any small developing economy to attain faster economic growth and development, access to different and up to date technology is of paramount significance. However, for Kazakhstan and Belarus, this fete may not be achieved with ease; as such, opportunities will be missed owing to the fact that the two countries will totally be directing their efforts to strengthen the custom union. In the process, chances of interrelating with other countries that enjoy advanced technology will be ham pered. Belarus and Kazakhstan have both made notable attempts to declare their liberty and autonomy, and impose their own state identity. However, since they split from the Soviet Union, concerns have been raised within the two countries and worldwide in general concerning the priority between forming the custom union and their sovereignty. Russia as well has received a number of criticisms, with many people expressing their feelings that the country need to diversify it economy to stop over relying in crude oil, which according to Rawi (599), forms the biggest part of Russia main economic output. Rawi remarks that Russia also need to embark on means of attaining modern and state-of-art technology, in order to attain a higher rate of economic growth. Similarly, Rawi observes that there are equal concerns on the capability of Kazakhstan and Belarus to meet the large market demand of Russian’s products. Economical theories The major economical theories tackled by the trilateral relationship between Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus include economic integration. The actual custom treaty between Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus is intended to open more marketing opportunities between the partner states. This will be facilitated by free entry of both good and services within the custom union region. By free entry of products from the trading nations, citizens of the three countries will benefit from availability of multiple products, some of which may not be available in their home countries. Another economic theory equally represented in this particular custom treaty between Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus, is the production theory (Rawi 660). According to the author, production theory refers to attempt made by a firm to elucidate the amount of outputs to produce, and how much quantity of factors of production to make use of. The custom union between Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus will provide opportunities for member countries to increase their industrial production due to availability of more market chances. Rawi (661) further elucidates that this will result from the fact that that, there will be free movement of factors of production from one member nation to the other. Similarly, the author observations is that the movement of finished goods will equally enhance not only industrial but also agricultural production, pointing out that less storage space will be required to keep the inventory awaiting sale as ready market for most industrial products will have been established. Among the benefits, which will be derived from this theory, include the presence of diverse products, because of free movement of finished industrial products from the member’s state (Sakwa 435). The author further notice that citizens of the involved countries will also benefit from industrial products of higher quality compared to those produced by their domestic industries. These he further remarks will be because of increased competition by the local and for eign companies, with each industry attempting to control more market share. Because of this increased competition, Sakwa (435), in addition, notes that more products will sell at consumer friendly price, as each company will be trying every possible strategy to command the largest share of market, one of such policy being cost reduction. The comparative theory as used in economics is usually outlined as if merely two nations and two commodities were implicated. In actual sense however, this example is usually presented for more simplicity of clarification. The expenditure of manufacturing as well is quantified in terms of work done, time and attempt made by the labor (Maneschi 200). According to the custom union between Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus, this economic theory has extensively been applied. A clear illustration is depicted by the fact that among the three countries in this pact; Russia is the biggest producer of crude oil and gas. On the other hand, Kazakhstan boost of sup plying both Russia and Belarus with trucks and spare parts. Belarus on it side is a power house with agricultural production and in particular its milk production among the three countries is unrivalled (Markusen 3). The above explanation means that if each of the country specializes in producing what each produces at the lowest cost, in the long run, each member’s state will benefit from increased production. Consequently, it will be much easier for each country to benefit from economies of large-scale production (Markusen 4). The author further explains that by economies of scale, each country will produce in bulk, and consequently, the cost of producing a single unit of product will eventually decline. International trade is another economic theory, which is highlighted by Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus custom union (Zhang 1). According to the Zhang (1), international trade has facilitated movement of good and factors of production from one nation to another or from one pa rt of the world to the other. Zhang (2) additionally notes that international trade can be defined as any business transaction that involves more than one country. In case of the custom union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, the theory of international trade is reflected by the fact the three countries make available for sale good and factors of production, of what each country specialize in producing. Consequently, such transactions take place outside the boundaries of each member partner to the union. Through this trade, Zhang (2) observes that each country is able to benefit from those goods and services that it may not be endowed to produce naturally, or may be experience hardship in it production due to high cost of production involved in it production. Data and Discussion Table 1.States GDP in 2009 according purchasing power (Tolkachev 1) Place Name of the country GDP, million USD 1 USA 14 266 300 2 China 8 887 863 3 Japan 4 138 481 4 India 3 752 032 5 Germ any 2 984 440 7 Great Britain 2 256 830 6 Russia 2 687 298 8 France 2 172 097 9 Brazil 2 020 079 10 Italy 1 921 576 39 Ukraine 291 091 55 Kazakhstan 183 132 59 Belarus 121 454 73 Azerbaijan 84 755 74 Uzbekistan 79 940 81 Lithuania 55 922 92 Turkmenistan 37 059 95 Latvia 34 755 106 Estonia 26 072 115 Georgia (excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia) 20 961 123 Armenia 16 298 131 Tajikistan 13 730 134 Kyrgyzstan 12 168 140 Moldova (excluding Transnestia) 10 192 From the table above, the GDP’s of different nations of the world in the year 2009 have been tabulated according to data collected by Tolkachev (1). According to the table, the place a country occupies has as well been illustrated with its GDP being expressed in American dollars. As stated above, for an economic integration to succeed, it is preferred that the member’s states should at least not deviate much from each other, as matter pertaining economic and financial strength is concerned. However, it is clear from the tabulated results that while Russia occupy position number six on the world GDP ranking with a gross GDP of US$ 2 687 298, Kazakhstan and Belarus stands at position 55 and 59 with a GDP of US dollars 183, 132 and 121, 454 respectively (Tochistkaya 1). From the above observation, one can simply concludes that the economic integration formed by Russia Kazakhstan and Belarus will not be having mutual benefit to all members, because these country greatly differ in economic strength. This means that Russia is likely going to benefit more from the integration compared to the rest of the member’s state. Sectors affected by the custom union in the three countries The formation of the custom union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, will definitely have effects both positive and negative in the three members state. Among the economic sectors, which will be affected by this integration in Russia, include industrial sector (Tochistkaya 1) . Russia industries will highly be affected by this custom union, noting that most of it industries are financially strong and better established compared to industries both in both Kazakhstan and Belarus (Rawi 114). Other sectors include agriculture, where Russian wheat is anticipated to draw a lot of demand from both Kazakhstan and Belarus market. On the other hand, Belarus is expected to greatly benefit from ready market for its milk (Tochistkaya 1). This will enable the agricultural sector to flourish, with milk production in the country being given a much-needed boost. Kazakhstan on it side will benefit from free market for it trucks and cars spares parts. This will promote the current industrial sector, which by so far remains the major contributor to the country’s GDP. In each of the three nations, the service industries will as well be highly enhanced due to free movement of factors of production. Similarly, the movement of competent labor from one country to the othe r will no longer be hindered and therefore, the employment level will in the three member’s states will be raised, as many job opportunities will be created in the service industries. Conclusion In conclusion, the formation of a custom union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus was a welcome step in the three nations. The integration has so far been promising with quantifiable amount of success already being witnessed. Out of this economic integration, the three countries can now benefit from free movement of goods and other factors of production from one nation to another free of charge. Similarly, apart from abundant job opportunities, within the member’s states for the combined union population, the three nations can now enjoy variety of products, which they could not initially access. Though there have been some challenges facing the integration such as concern on the sovereignty of the member states, one cannot fail to observe that the custom union has more posi tive impacts than the negative effects attributed to it. To overcome such failures and enhance a more successful custom union, all the partner members need to come up with measures that are more elaborate in order to separate individual country’s interests with the interest of the union Works Cited Alaxandrov, Mikhail. Uneasy Alliance: Relations between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era. Oxford: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999 print. Black, Joseph. Central Eurasian States, Michigan: Academic International Press, 2000. Maneschi, Andrea. Comparative Advantage in International Trade: A Historical Perspective. Massachusetts, Edward Elgar Publishing, 1998 print. Markusen, James. Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Publishers, 2004 print. Rawi, Abdebal. National Purpose in the World Economy: Post-Soviet States. New York: Cornell University Press Sakwa, Richard. Russian Politics and Society. New York: Routledge Publishers, 2008. Tochistkaya, Irina. The Customs Union between Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia: And Overview of Economic Implications For Belarus. IPM Research Center. June 2010. Web. Tolkachev, Vitality. Inevitable integration, the future of Eurasian Economic Community. East+West Analytics Review Agency. 21/10/2010. 27/11/2010 http://eastwest-review.com/ Wisniewska, Iwona. Russian Energy Power and Foreign Relations: Implications for Conflict and Cooperation, Moscow: Rawi Francis publishers, 2009. Zhang, Wei-bin. International Trade Theory: Capital, Knowledge and Economic Structures. New York: Springer, 2008. This research paper on The Formation of a Custom Union Between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus was written and submitted by user Gracie Bradley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.