Black History Should Not Be Celebrated - 1846 Words

February is the time of Valentines Day and the occasional leap year, but many people know it as Black History Month. Black History Month is one of the only national holidays in the United States of America that is for the acknowledgement and honour of African Americans in this its history. It is the time of the year when great African American figures are given praise and taught as â€Å"black history† in the school curriculum. Though its intentions are to celebrate accomplished African-Americans and their contributions, it is a poor method of sharing and learning black history. Black History Month should not be celebrated because it separates African American history from American history and belittles it by only giving it the shortest month of the year where its significance in, and influence, on this nation can be recognized and acknowledged.( Brands: Black History Month Is Best Celebrated Year-round. Brands: Black History Month Is Best Celebrated Year-round. N.p., n.d. Web . 12 Mar. 2015. http://www.campaignlive.com/article/brands-black-history-month-best-celebrated-year-round/1333990.) Dr. Carter Woodson, a pioneer in African American history and the â€Å"Father of Black History†, founded Black History Month in 1936. Woodson was the son of slaves and worked in coalmines and quarries as a child. He went to black schools and taught himself English fundamentals and arithmetic by the time he was 19. After finishing high school after only two years, he went on to the UniversityShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Harlem Renaissance and Its Societal Effects 1133 Words   |  5 Pagesalso have specialized talents and should also be able to display their gifts. The Harlem Renaissance also obtained the notoriety expeditiously that participants of this movement needed to change America’s perspective of black environments. Above all, the Harlem Renaissance â€Å"New Negro Movement† was a cultural movement that celebrated black life and culture. This movement helped gain a new significance and vigorous race relation in the United States; it awakened black commu nities all over the world--Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Height Of Black Culture950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was the height of black culture. It was a time period where blacks and their creativity were finally excepted. Socially, artistically and musically blacks changed the way America saw African americans. The 1920s was the decade that blazed the birth of the modern music era. Jazz, Blues ,Broadway, and Dance Band were extremely popular in 20 s. Most infamous Jazz group were The Kings Men. They were the most popular group in the Jazz world. Originating from south sideRead MoreIs Black History Month Being Honored Correctly Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rights and citizenship for black people. Some people take it as a time to condemn all Caucasians for the harsh treatment the African Americans received on the road to success. 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He felt that African-Americans had lost touch with their African heritage. He began to study ways that they could help themselves and each other. Dr. Karenga wanted to unify his people and instill a pride in their joint culture. He felt that there should be a special time of the yearRead MoreBlack History After American History900 Words   |  4 PagesBlack History Month started off, as Black History Week in 1926 in 1976 it became a month. It is known that many minorities have suffered in America, Canada, and the United Kingdom especially African Americans; therefore, a month was created to raise awareness of their culture and the role they played in American history. There are other minorities such as Latinos and the Gay/Lesbian community who have suffered and played a hug e role in American history who deserve an annual celebration of achievementsRead MoreCasey Jones . Lowe. 4Th Period. 30 March 2017. Black History1088 Words   |  5 PagesCasey Jones Lowe 4th Period 30 March 2017 Black History Month Black History Month makes us learn a lot about African American history right? Well, unfortunately you are wrong. Many influential people go unrecognized such as Robert Smalls because we cannot fit him like many others in the short month of February. Myself like many other Americans of all races and ethnicities believe that Black history month is an ineffective way to learn about all of the accomplishments of African Americans. We giveRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Olympic Games1743 Words   |  7 PagesKyle Walsh History 261 Adam Johnson 3 April 2015 The Salute Seen Around the World For nearly as long as humans have been around, some form of athletic competition has also existed. Dating back to the ancient Romans, people would travel from all around to see their men compete. Since 1894, the International Olympic Committee has organized the worldwide event we know as the modern Olympic Games. 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Joints and Body Movements Free Essays

Joints and Body Movements Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and washing your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment beforehand in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices. Exercise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. Children’s heads needs to squeeze through the birth canal during delivery, humans during infancy have evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that meet at regions called cranial â€Å"sutures†. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the first year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly fuse together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development. B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning. Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony surfaces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more stable when ossification of the joint takes place. Exercise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the vertebrae. B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost fat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. It enables the bone to move in a 360 ° angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a lot of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and constant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip? The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360 ° in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5: Observations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased activity tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon ill not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The reason is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a larger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the key -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsible for maintaining structural, provides support and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae: a) Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [ E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joint’s cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints How to cite Joints and Body Movements, Essay examples

Healthcare Delivery Systems Free-Samples for Students-Myassingment

Question: Discuss why Leadership is Increasingly Important in Healthcare and What Role do Followers Play in Enabling Effective Leadership. Answer: Leadership in Health Care Healthcare delivery systems strive to achieve improved patient outcomes through the various administrative and clinical approaches. However, it is a difficult task to realize a new model of leadership by merging the leadership and clinical approaches in the healthcare systems. Over the past several years, caregivers and stakeholders have tried to resolve errors in patient care that lead to deaths that can be avoided (Agrawal, 2009), but little has been achieved concerning the same so far. To solve patient safety, sustainability of finances, capacity, and evidence-based practice, healthcare institutional leaders have to collaborate with clinical leaders. However, this has been difficult to achieve around the world because of the tensions that exist between the groups. Healthcare organizations around the world are based on entities that are bureaucratic and arranged in hierarchies of administration (Yuter, 2011). Nevertheless, the organization is usually faulty since it neglects import ant issues such as collaboration, interdisciplinary engagement, and promotion of trust. As such, it is a challenge to all healthcare systems around the world regardless of the type of system that can be socialized, centralized systems, or free market public and private systems (Hartley et al., 2008). Several reports have been generated so far recommending the placement of the patients at the center of care, emphasizing the importance of quality and safety of care by making it a central concern, and promoting clinically guided care at the bedside. Because of the increase of new demands in the healthcare entity, the bodies are trying to develop ways of combining the client management capabilities of caregivers with the financial needs of todays healthcare delivery systems around the world. As such, it is recommended that shared governance models are implemented, frontline clinical empowerment is promoted to help in making changes, and clinical leadership is advanced. Present Methods of Integrating Clinical and Administrative Leadership Shared governance is one of the action plans used today to combine the administrative and clinical leadership. Shared governance is a leadership approach that gives healthcare professional the power to influence their work and extends the same control into central sections that were highly influenced by managers in the past (Myers et al., 2013). The various forms of governance have different influences as determined by the setting that they are applied. In most cases, the various forums supervise practice guidelines, protocols, and policies. In many cases, the entities that exercise governance serve as recommending bodies instead of having the power to execute changes because they work outside the line management context. The shared governance has positive influences since it leads to increased empowerment as well as job satisfaction (Santos, 2013).The other approach used to integrate clinically, and administrative leadership is the frontline staff empowerment and has since been give n credibility over time. Many nurses have been able to come up with ideas that can improve the safety and increase patient-centered care delivery. This is after the funding and development of literature that gives nurse tips and guidelines for improving care. The empowerment also led to the development of rapid response teams that play essential roles in reducing hospital acquired infections while at the same time improving the surgical outcomes (Regan Rodriguez, 2011). The frontline nurses need to be given training, authority, and resources to improve safety and patient care within the hospitals. Besides, the willing participation of the stuff in the frontline nursing empowerment leads to greater achievements in the healthcare system. The power to implement change is critical, and this is the essential element that dictates the effectiveness of the frontline teams (Sherman et al., 2011). In cases where there is no authority to apply the various changes, it is important that recommendations are given through the bureaucracy while awaiting the decisions. Although the nurses are educated to embrace evidence-based practice, they rarely use this knowledge because of the restriction they have in providing care. In normal circumstances, nurses are expected to analyze the evidence and make decisions according to their understanding after thinking critically and intelligently. However, they are not allowed to this in their job (Baumann, 2010). Besides, they usually lack adequate time and resources that they can utilize to work according to the principles of evidence-based practices because of the patient needs and staff limitations. Stakeholders around the world are trying to address the imbalance between clinical and administrative leadership by focusing on the increase of competence of the clinical leaders as well as their number. The effort targets the development of leade rship of both the physician and nurse. However, many frontline staff has been disillusioned around the world because of the increase in managerialism and centralism. As such some countries have devised ways to counter the reality. For instance, in the United Kingdom, physician leaders are being recruited under the enhancing engagement in medical leadership project (Kabir et al., 2008). On the other hand, several programs in the United States are developed to encourage the competency of the physicians in the healthcare environment. The various programs are driven by the need to improve outcomes and reduce costs as well. Besides, the development of physician leaders aims at supporting the participation of doctors at a faster rate. However, the programs face some challenges in some cases since some doctors are not ready to share their thoughts toward the leadership roles in hospitals since they are accustomed to freedom of action in their practice. Clinical leader roles and leadership education have to be encouraged around to the world to be parallel to the focus in the physician leadership education. For instance, there is the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) developed in the United Sates. The role of the CNL is to help monitor healthcare results accountability for a particular group within the hospital. It also sets a design, application, and follow of patient care plans in a research-based information approach. Clinical leadership is regarded as the link to quality improvement in the United Kingdom and Australia (Ferguson, 2007). Such moves aim at giving nurses the ability to make decisions concerning service delivery and patient care and facilitate processes such as quality improvement at the bedside. However, it is important to note that nursing leadership has been prevented by the past medical subordination, lack of readiness to embrace clinical leaders, and feminized professional roots despite the formalization of training an d role development in the healthcare system. It is important that improved patient outcomes, safety culture, and clinician driven change are put as the primary objectives of the systems to achieve success in the healthcare organization. As such, many accrediting organizations tend to include the various needs in their programs. The various measures add value and possibility of improving clinical leadership. However, they only address small process changes since the structural and organizational pressures disempower them leading to a competition between the financial sustainability and patient-centered care in the healthcare system. Besides, the physicians are used to autonomy, and this makes them view participation in team efforts with other clinicians and working towards organizational priorities as less important (Hamilton et al., 2008). Leadership Challenges in Healthcare Organizations Although the various stakeholders such as the government and regulatory bodies push for improved patient outcomes, the healthcare system lacks a comprehensive remodel of the leadership processes and systems. In many cases, leadership is compared to industry and such viewed as a role instead of a process that can be implemented through other ways art from the administrative hierarchy approaches. Therefore, it is hard to make necessary changes in healthcare by ignoring the healthcare context while demanding for leadership from the clinicians (McDonald, 2014). Leadership is one of the essential areas for development, and this makes, it necessary to develop conditions that can support and improve new leadership models. It is equally important that the nursing profession is disempowered to support the implementation of governance and leadership. In many instances, nursing as a profession is not respected as other professions are respected. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve improved care delivery outcomes by using the clinical leader without the nursing discipline gaining respect like other disciplines and transforming the organizational culture of the working places of the nurses (Katrinli et al., 2008). The professional background of an individual determines the attitudes they have towards healthcare systems. In most cases, the nurse clinician, general managers, and nurse managers support the standardization of clinical systems and teamwork to achieve improved safety and outcomes (Zwanenberg, 2017). However, some medical constituents who do not support collaboration have rejected the systemizations of clinical initiatives. Besides, it is common to find conflicts over goals and decision-making in cases where physician leaders work with managers instead of improving the various relationships. It is not easy to achieve change because of the complications that arise from the autonomy of doctors that paralyzes safety and quality improvement processes. However, it is possible to reach such when the administrative leadership supports clinical leadership. Another great challenge faced by the healthcare organization system is financial problems. Financial problems have been the highly ranked concern around the world (Saarnio, 2016). In most cases, the financial interest is followed by patient outcome quality and safety. The role of the healthcare managers is to monitor the measures of safety and quality achievement as often as it is done to support the financial concerns, therefore, it essential that the managers have to be members of the quality team that can focus on the critical processes. For instance, they can concentrate on reducing time wasting and improving effort instead of focusing on staff and supplies as the only key areas that can help address the need to cut costs. Healthcare systems around the world have a need for improved service, increased innovation and integration. However, the processes solution for these requirements does not have empirical evidence of success. All that has been done so far is an attempt to reform at the strategies for decision-making without proper acknowledgment of the administrative structure and processes that limit the transformation. However, it is hard to transition from a top-down leadership style to a leadership that embraces both the non-clinical executives and business values together with the clinical value systems to have a leadership as a process shared between business and clinical areas (Jones, 2007). To achieve effective change, the various players including clinicians, boards, seniors, patient, and finance officers collaborate to face the different issues within the system. In addition to the proposed structural changes, it is important to address other issues such as the adoption of new leadership methods that promote actions that combine the various stakeholders and key players. Healthcare System Transformation Leadership Framework To achieve significant improvements such as advanced collaborations, leaving of old models, advanced innovations, and notable transformational change in the healthcare delivery systems it is important to improve the understanding of leadership and implementation of leadership. Some entities are built around principles of stability. However, such policies must be avoided at all costs by healthcare organizations since such systems are not flexible and cannot change (Al-Abri, 2007). As such, the healthcare system has to embrace the shared leadership practice to accommodate the built-to-change system. The practice of shared leadership is helpful because it enables the movement of members in new directions as well as the dispersion of leaders across the country (Al-Sawai, 2013). The shared leadership has several advantages including the spread of information and power in the organization, promotion of quality leadership succession, and easy detection of the needs of the clients because of the closeness of the leaders (Cox, 2016). Todays leadership requires the use of dispersed unit leaders as opposed to the traditional central centers of command. The new method of dispersing leaders across organizations helps them in improving their knowledge from team members as well as the original participants. The shared leadership can enjoy mutual influence and empowered change among the leaders since it does not depend on orders given by the senior management alone. Therefore, the shared leadership can be said to be an activity that combines the influence from the horizontal and vertical influence. According to the Center for the Creative Leadership (CCL), leadership is a process that an organization or a community can use to set directions, create alignment, and gain commitment (West et al., 2015). One of the ways of realizing shared leadership is through the promotion of clinical leaders as well as clinical governance. However, this is not the case because physicians cannot be engaged well, administrators and clinical lack trust between themselves, lack of the empowerment of the nursing profession, and the team authority limits weaken the attempts the attempts to initiatives thus requiring new approaches to promote leadership across the organization. The reason for this is that shared leadership needs trust, commitment, and potency. Therefore, the individuals involved in the shared leadership must be knowledgeable and empowered and must have the required authority and resources. The Complexity Leadership Theory (CLT) can be applied to explain well the shared leadership. According to CLT bureaucratic healthcare systems and complex adaptive systems (CAS) are a network of interacting that are neutral and interdependent but combined with the collective changing common goal and prospect (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). They are also systems that can change and usually have hierarchies that overlap due to the dynamic network of CAS that is interactive. CLT is useful since it can help in distinguishing management from leadership by considering the context, the organizational patterns, and variations between leaders and leadership. Bureaucracies work in the sense that administrative leadership has to integrate with the unofficial leaders and processes that can be realized the organization applies necessary changes after individuals collaborate with teams to create the various needs (Giltinane, 2013). This is referred to as adaptive leadership and is supported by the Critical Leadership Theory. It helps in developing advanced ideas and changes that can support organ izational success. Besides, the type of leadership can be implemented at any level within the organization and individuals and teams in the frontline can organize this kind of leadership. Another kind of leadership supported by the CLT is the enabling leadership form of leadership. Enabling leadership can be regarded as the collaboration between the adaptive and administrative leadership that enhances the use of advanced knowledge and process at work (Boylan, 2016). It also assists in balancing the regulatory ideas and process that have to be supported by the administrative leadership. Besides, CLT recognizes the lack of harmony between the organizational leadership and adaptive processes and strives to achieve alignment between the two (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Healthcare systems need to have strong administrative leadership that can support the adaptive processes that will allow the various individual such as clinicians, engineers, information technology teams to practice the frontline leadership. Besides, healthcare systems must move from the perception of entanglements as problems that need quick solutions rather than opportunities for improvement and discussion. Furthermore, CLT views friction and perspective disparities as an unexploited potential that can be used to support innovation and improvement in healthcare organizations. Furthermore, it helps in defining analysis of leadership from ladder and linear views to a dynamic and non-linear understanding of how individuals, as well as occurrences, affect the changes that were planned earlier (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Adaptive and administrative processes have a serious entanglement that must be understood by the leaders in the bureaucratic organizational forms. Besides, the corporate leaders have to design structures that can allow the adaptive function to operate efficiently. It is also the role of enabling leaders to promote adaptive dynamics and incorporating adaptive outcomes in the formal systems. The reason for this that the enabling leader can operate on the platform between the administrative and adaptive leadership (Bailey et al., 2014). Besides, the adaptive leaders can control adaptive changes by being proficient in identifying rising practical outcomes. Furthermore, it is important that leaders appreciate the fact that leadership is based on contexts and as such, they should learn to interact efficiently with the ever changing and complex environments that they operate in their practice. The objective of healthcare systems is to achieve improved patient outcomes. As such, many health systems strive to improve their services to realize their goals. One of the ways of achieving the goals is through having leadership that is capable of organizing the various units and individuals in the organizations. However, several challenges are facing the healthcare systems in their attempt to have quality leadership. The problems include lack of comprehensive remodel of leadership processes, professional background attitudes towards leadership, and financial issues among others. However, the various challenges can be addressed by using shared governance, frontline clinical empowerment, and clinical leadership. Reference Agrawal, A. (2009). Medication errors: prevention using information technology systems. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67(6), 681686. Al-Abri, R. (2007). Managing Change in Healthcare. Oman Medical Journal, 22(3), 910. Al-Sawai, A. (2013). Leadership of Healthcare Professionals: Where Do We Stand? Oman Medical Journal, 28(4), 285287. Bailey, D. E., Docherty, S. L., Adams, J. A., Carthron, D. L., Corazzini, K., Day, J. R., Neglia, E., Thygeson, M., Anderson, R. A. (2012). Studying the clinical encounter with the Adaptive Leadership framework. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 2012(4), 10.2147/JHL.S32686. Baumann, S. L. (2010). The Limitations of Evidenced-Based Practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 23(3), 226 -230. Boylan, M. (2016). Enabling adaptive system leadership. Educational Management Administration Leadership. Cox, J. (2016). Leadership and management roles: Challenges and success strategies. AORN, 104(02). Ferguson, L., Calvert, J., Davie, M., Fallon, M., Fred, N., Gersbach, V., Sinclair, L.(2007). Clinical leadership: using observations of care to focus risk management and quality improvement activities in the clinical setting. Contemp Nurse, 24(2):212-224. Giltinane C. L. (2013) Leadership styles and theories. Nursing Standard. 27(41), 35-39. Hamilton, P., Spurgeon, P., Clark, J., Dent, J.; Armit, K. (2008). Engaging Doctors: Can doctors influence organisational performance? Coventry: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. Hartley, J., Martin, J., Benington, J. (2008). Leadership in Healthcare: a review of the literature for health care professionals, managers and researchers. SDO. Retrieved from https://www.netscc.ac.uk/hsdr/files/project/SDO_FR_08-1601-148_V01.pdf Jones, R. (2008). Nursing leadership and management (1st ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee. Kabir, C., Potty, A., Sharma, R. (2008). Current opportunities for the development of leadership skills for doctors. International Journal of Clinical Leadership,16(3), 115-119. Katrinli, A., Atabay, G., Gunay, G., Guneri, B. (2008). Leadermember exchange, organizational identification and the mediating role of job involvement for nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 354-362. McDonald, R. (2014). Leadership and Leadership Development in Healthcare Settings A Simplistic Solution to Complex Problems? International Journal of Health Policy and Mangement,3(5), 227-229. Myers, M., Parchen, D., Geraci, M., Brenholtz, R., Knisely-Carrigan, D., Hastings, C. (2013). Using a Shared Governance Structure to Evaluate the Implementation of a New Model of Care: The Shared Experience of a Performance Improvement Committee. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(10), 509516. Regan, L. C., Rodriguez, L. (2011). Nurse Empowerment from a Middle-Management Perspective: Nurse Managers and Assistant Nurse Managers Workplace Empowerment Views. The Permanente Journal, 15(1), e101e107. Saarnio, R., Suhonen, M., Isola, A. (2016). Nurse managers visions of future challenges in health care organizations. Journal of Nursing, 3(2). Santos, Jose Luis Guedes dos, Erdmann, Alacoque Lorenzini, Andrade, Selma Regina de, Mello, Ana Lucia Schaefer Ferreira de, Lima, Suzinara Beatriz Soares de, Pestana, Aline Lima. (2013). Nursing governance: an integrative review of the literature. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 47(6), 1417-1425. Sherman, R. O., Schwarzkopf, R., Kiger, A. J. (2011). Charge nurse perspective on frontline leadership in acute care environments. International Scholarly Research Notices. Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. Leadership Institute Faculty Publications. West, M., Armit, K., Loewenthal, L., Eckert, R., West, T. and Lee, A. (2015) Leadership and Leadership Development in Healthcare: The Evidence Base. London, Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management Yuter, S. (2011). A Self-Organizing Group Within a Hierarchical Organization. Doctoral Dissertations. Zwanenberg, Z.(2010). Leadership in Social Care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Essay Example

The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Paper The paper will discuss the main aspect of a Comanche and what their culture is like. The paper encapsulates an interview from such a Native American and this interview will be analyzed with the help of other sources from the Internet. The paper will be followed by first introducing the Comanche tribe with their features and then go about analyzing the interview. The culture of the Comanche will be discussed in the light of how they treat their elders, children and their relatives. The culture also includes some of their important aspects of religion along with the language that they use. The paper will attempt to cover the overall aspect of the Comanche and their effect in the society. Introduction to a Comanche â€Å"The Comanche are a Native American group whose historical range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day Eastern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of Northern and Southern Texas. There might once have been as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today, the Comanche Nation consists of approximately 10,000 members, about half of whom live in Oklahoma (centered at Lawton), with the remainder concentrated in Texas, California, and New Mexico. † (Wikipedia, 2006 ) From the above definition it can be understood that the Comanches are very old inhabitants of the United States of America and have long lived there. There are a number of reasons why the Comanches had left their older origin which is near Wyoming. The tribe had shifted to Arkansas where they are now inhabited. The reason why the Comanche is given a name like that is because it is believed that they like to fight and act as strangers to the other people. The origin of Comanche comes from a Spanish word and this is why it is used. We will write a custom essay sample on The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They have always been a separate group and have not mingled much with the other tribes and other citizens of the country. Interview of a Comanche The name of the interviewee was Andrea Pahdocony who belongs to a tribe called Comanche of Oklahoma Lord of the Plains). The following questions and answers provide a summary of what their culture is like and how they live their lives. The questions and answers will then be analyzed along with other material to understand what their culture and beliefs are along with their values. Question # 1 Does your culture have several meanings for one word when spoken? For example, the English language uses the word tow to represent something pulling something else or it can be used to refer to a persons toe. Can you think of some examples? Changes in the language began in the late 1800s when children were taken from their homes and placed in boarding schools. They were discouraged from speaking their native tongue, and disciplined harshly for doing so. This treatment was not unique to Comanche people, but with native people throughout the newly discovered America. Government policy dictated the civilization of the First Americans, in part, by denying them their language. The children were taught the language of their parents and grandparents was bad. With this indoctrination, the language was not spoken in the home. English became the language of preference. By the mid 1900s, elders who could speak the language fluently were dying at an alarming rate and children were not being taught the language in order to maintain speakers within the tribe. In 2006, there are 13,000 enrolled Comanches, yet there are fewer than 1% who speak the language fluently. Analysis of the Interview The interview explains that the Native American has a clear set of values and beliefs that he follows that have come down from his ancestors. There are a number of times when the values are not followed but the traditions are kept intact. The tribe believes in teaching the children the traditions of the ancestors to keep the tribe alive. The tribe has been unsocial fro several years and even decades with the other Native Americans and citizens because they would have a different dialect and would be unable to communicate with anyone. The tribal members would just continue to use the same to communicate with one another. The children have now learned to sue the English language but there is a need to also learn their language because of the communication gap that may appear between two generations if this not done. The tribe emphasizes on respect to elders but it is not necessary that the children talk without meeting with the eye. Eye contact is considered as a tradition. The Comanche tribe is a famous and a very social group within itself that keeps up the traditions and the values of the ancestors very strongly. Bibliography Wikipedia. 2006. Comanche. Retrieved on December 18, 2006 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche.

Case 2 incident organizational behavior Essays

Case 2 incident organizational behavior Essays Case 2 incident organizational behavior Essay Case 2 incident organizational behavior Essay Giovanni Corrode Organizational Behavior September 30, 2013 Chapter 7 Assignment The Big Easy 1) In my personal, Im agree with what the data show because nowadays the students are taking more priority in socializing (party, girls, and other factors) than school. For example I heard some friends saying Im going to this school because the party time in that school is amazing. Those are some examples of how students are wasting their time. ) In this question I think students do have ethical responsibility to study because the education is the key of success in the majority of the cases. Also, nowadays this society divides the people thru their education status and their knowledge about a topic. 3) This fact concerned me because Im realizing that older people do have better education than us in this actual world, but at the same time I think the reason of this fact is that before they were not many entertainment and technology as today. I think that experts in economic are right about the competitiveness because is a fact that education and knowledge are key factors in a business. Case Incident 2 1) Organizational Justice refers to the ethical fairness in a workplace. With this being said, Work Bullying violates the fairness in a workplace because it violates the ethics and the fairness with the employers. 2) I think bullying doesnt help in a positive way to self-efficacy because a worker suffering bullying does not focus in the work and that reduce the chances of doing a good Job. I think that it will depend the situation, if the Job is worth it probably I would retaliate in a good way. 3) The first step that I would do will be talk to president or the manager of the place, and then I would try to how the managers the violation of the boss by reading the handbook of the rules or showing the manager how the boss is bullying me by a record or something similar. The least effective strategy will be to confront the boss that is bullying me and go into a fight or discussion with him. If one of my colleagues is suffering bullying I will go and talk to the manager the situation because if the boss does that to my colleagues, eventually he will do it to me. 4) In my personal opinion the factors that contribute bullying are lack of discipline, lack of training and lack of professionalism. I think Bullies are a product of a flawed personality, for example a bad experience in the past and passed thru bullying once in their life. I think one of the situations that contribute the presence of bullies, are those situations in which people have competition in a place and they think that being bullies will help them to win that competition in the workplace. Other factor that contributes to the presence of bullies is the lack of self-esteem, usually the bullies are people that are sad with themselves and being bully make them feel like a superior person. Case 2 incident organizational behavior By gasification

Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge Washington A. Roebling

Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge Washington A. Roebling Washington A. Roebling served as the chief engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge during 14 years of construction. During that time he coped with the tragic death of his father, John Roebling, who had designed the bridge and also overcame serious health problems caused by his own work at the construction site. With legendary determination, Roebling, confined to his house in Brooklyn Heights, directed the work on the bridge from  a distance, watching progress through a telescope. He trained his wife, Emily Roebling, in engineering and she would relay his orders when she visited the bridge nearly every morning during its final years of construction. Fast Facts: Washington Roebling Born: May 26, 1837, in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania.Died: July 21, 1926, in Camden, New Jersey.Accomplishments: Trained as an engineer, served as an officer in the Union Army, with his father worked designing and building revolutionary suspension bridges.Best known for: Overcame injuries, and with the help of his wife Emily Roebling, built the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been designed by his father, John A. Roebling. As work on the enormous bridge progressed, rumors swirled about the condition of Colonel Roebling, as he was generally known to the public.  At various times the public believed he was entirely incapacitated or had even gone insane. When the Brooklyn Bridge  finally opened to the public in 1883, suspicions were raised when Roebling did not attend the enormous celebrations. Yet despite the  nearly constant talk about his frail health and rumors of mental incapacity, Roebling lived to the age of 89. When he died in Trenton, New Jersey, in  1926, an obituary published in the New York Times shut down many of the rumors. The article, published on July 22, 1926, said that in his final years Roebling was healthy enough to enjoy riding the streetcar from his mansion to the wire mill his family owned and operated. Roebling's Early Life Washington Augustus Roebling was born May 26, 1837, in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, a town founded by a group of German immigrants which included his father, John Roebling. The elder Roebling was a brilliant engineer who went into the wire rope business in Trenton, New Jersey. After attending schools in Trenton, Washington Roebling attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and received a degree as a civil engineer. He began working for his fathers business and learned about bridge building, a field in which his father was gaining prominence. Within days of the bombardment of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Roebling enlisted in the Union Army. He served as a military engineer in the Army of the Potomac. At the Battle of Gettysburg Roebling was instrumental in getting artillery pieces to the top of Little Round Top on July 2, 1863. His quick thinking and careful work helped fortify the hill and secure the Union line at a desperate time in the battle. During the war, Roebling designed and built bridges for the Army. At the  wars end, he returned to working with his father. In the late 1860s, he became involved in a grandly ambitious project thought by many to be impossible: building a bridge across the East River, from Manhattan to Brooklyn. Chief Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge John Roebling, the designer of the Brooklyn Bridge, severely injured his foot in a freak accident while the site of the bridge was being surveyed in 1869. He died of an infection before any major work had started on the bridge. The massive project amounted to a collection of plans and drawings, and it fell to his son to make his vision a reality.   While the elder Roebling was always credited for creating the vision for what was known as The Great Bridge, he had not prepared detailed plans before his death. So his son was responsible for virtually all the details of the bridges construction. And, as the bridge was not like any other construction project ever attempted, Roebling had to find ways to overcome endless obstacles. He obsessed over the work and fixated on every detail of construction. During one of his  visits to the underwater caisson, the chamber in which men dug at the river bottom while breathing compressed air, Roebling was stricken. He ascended to the surface too quickly, and suffered from the bends. By the end of 1872 Roebling was essentially confined to his house. For a decade he oversaw construction, though at least one official investigation sought to determine if he was still competent to direct such a massive project. His wife Emily would visit the work site nearly every day, relaying orders from Roebling. Emily, by working closely with her husband, essentially became an engineer herself.   After the successful opening of the bridge in 1883, Roebling and his wife eventually moved to Trenton, New Jersey. There were still many questions about his health, but he actually outlived his wife by 20 years. When he died on July 21, 1926, at the age of 89, he was remembered for his work making the Brooklyn Bridge a reality.

Location, location, location Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Location, location, location - Essay Example are universal factors that influence the location of a business, including availability of raw materials, transportation costs, land, labor, safety, waste disposal, government regulation, and proximity to market (Pellebarg and Wever, 2008). However, technological developments have made some of these factors less significant in determining the location. For a company that specializes in software, the choice of location would largely depend upon the availability of a skilled labor force, educational resources, and connectivity to the global network, recreational opportunities, and proximity to computer-manufacturing industries, government regulations, and communication system. In North America, the three strategic locations would be the United States (California, Texas, or New York), Canada (Toronto, Ottawa, or Vancouver), and Mexico (Mexico City, Acapulco, or Monterrey). These three locations meet the ideal conditions that a software company requires to operate optimally and become successful (Brun, 2007). The three locations seem to fulfill requirements that make a software company, including close proximity to computer-manufacturing industries and their subsidiaries, available and sound connectivity to the global network, vast educational resources, and a well-endowed communication system that encompasses the globe. The US has numerous educational resources that specialize on software development, include excellent institutions and research centers such as the Microsoft, Google, and Yahoo laboratories. Additionally, the US has a large high-skill labor force that the software company needs. Furthermore, the US is home to the largest computer-manufacturing industries, including Dell Inc headquartered in Texas, Apple Inc headquartered in California, Hewlett-Packard Company subsidiary, and Toshiba America Inc subsidiary, among others (Pellebarg and Wever, 2008). The technological advancement in the country will also be an added advantage for the company. Canada

The Hotel Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Hotel Business - Assignment Example As the discussion stresses the hotel business is one of the booming industries today. The advent of globalization has both necessitated and attracted people to travel far geographic regions either for business, studies or leisure purposes. The demand for hotels have drastically increase with this change in lifestyle. The hotel industry has then been a very profitable venture for most businessmen. Travel catalyzes the hotel industry. And since technology has increased the possibility and ease of transportation, we predict that the hotel industry will also continue to boom. From the report it is clear that agreeing on contracts and signing becomes very fragile especially if it involves a great deal of resource and puts the integrity of the business at risk. Contract agreement can be a very sensitive issue whether it be on employment, on business links and even in some financial decisions such as investing and borrowing. People who have experience on contract agreements have something to share on how to make the process of agreeing easy and comfortable. For the hotel industry, the practical guide is the same as with the other industries. During telephone conversations and at meetings take notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other person to ensure there is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed† and â€Å"confirm those points in a letter as soon as possible† while also maintaining copies of all communications.... On the other hand, if both parties do not agree on non-negotiable aspects such as price, then the owner must not pursue with the deal. Preparation is also very important. This is the stage where the hotel owner can study previous contracts on similar arrangements so that adapting there will be a foundation for familiarity. This is also the stage where the owner can write down the most important points that you need on agree on (Nicholas Sharp). As to the records, Sharp and Etches give two practicals: "During telephone conversations and at meetings take notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other person to ensure there is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed" and "confirm those points in a letter as soon as possible" while also maintaining copies of all communications (Nicholas Sharp). When the contract is with a supplier, several things must be done before inking the contract. It would be very helpful to shop for different quotes before narrowing down your choice to a particular supplier. The contract should contain the relevant information such as "how and when payment should be made" (National Consumer Agency). During the negotiation, it is highly advised to never agree to something whether verbally or in writing when you still have some points to raise and agree on. A very straight action of saying "no" to a proposal that contains some things that you do not agree on is also a must. "Tactically, it is often better for you to prepare and send the other party the contract you want, rather than wait to get the other party's version. If you have to react to another version this

A Rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily Essay The short story begins by telling the end of it; the story begins with the funeral of the aristocratic Miss Emily Grierson during the time period of the civil war. The funeral turnout so big, the whole town of Jefferson attended. The town felt responsible for Miss Emily because they felt that she was a â€Å"tradition, a duty and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town† (287). â€Å"The men of the town respected Miss Grierson and viewed her as a fallen monument† (287), whereas the women of the town haven’t been in the house for years and was viewed by the narrator to have attended the funeral just to get a peek of the inside of Emily’s home to see how she lived. The house sits on a street that was once the town’s most prestigious areas. With all the other homes replaced with garages and cotton gins Miss Grierson’s house was the last one standing. The house was described as â€Å"a big, squarrish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street† (287). Now, time has taken toll, and neglect of the maintenance has distorted its once beautiful structure. The main conflict in the story was Emily facing reality, she didn’t know how to let go of her past â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves† (288). Agitated by her tactics, the town is getting tired of taking care of her, â€Å"So the next day, â€Å"She will kill herself†; and we said it would be the be st thing† (291). The townspeople think she is stuck up and arrogant because she thinks that everything revolves around her. Isolation from the society caused her to become depressed, unhappy and crazy, leading up to her destroying Homer. Emily was a heavy set woman â€Å"She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water and of that pallid hue† (288). She was an old, secretive woman, who was devastated and alone in a growing society, forcing her to stay in her role. Emily sunk into a deep mental depression and limited others to see her true identity by remaining hidden,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray† (292). She lived most of her life in isolation and was intimidated by her controlling father. When Miss Emily was alive, the townspeople considered her as a financial obligation because she never paid taxes. She hadn’t paid in years, and she wasn’t forced to pay â€Å"See Colonel Sartoris, I have no taxes in Jefferson† (288). Her nonpayment dated back to 1894 when the mayor of the town, Mayor Colonel Sartoris, told the story that her father loaned the town money and as payment back to her father they allowed her not to pay taxes. Her father died and left Miss Emily with no money to live off of and the inheritance of a decaying house. As time passed and generations came and went, the arrangement became a discontent with the people so they made many attempts to collect the long time debt but as adamant as they were, so was Emily. She would not respond to their efforts. Finally after numerous failed notifications, the town’s board decided to make a trip to her house hoping to get an agreement to satisfy the debt. Emily hadn’t had visitors in years, but greeted by her old house servant, the board was permitted to enter into the damp stenched home and waited in the room until Miss Grierson was summoned. When Emily enters; small, round and dressed in black, not nearly as appealing as she was once described, the visitors affirmed their purpose. They requested compensation for her taxes, but Emily’s harsh and bold demanded that she didn’t have taxes and instructed Tobe, her house servant, to escort them out, â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson. Tobe!† The Negro appeared. â€Å"Show these gentlemen out.† (288). Emily always wanted a home where she can feel loved and free in, but it didn’t turn out that way as the complaints poured in from neighbors and townspeople about a smell lingering around the home and demanded the new mayor to take action. Judge Stevens, old in his years, didn’t know what he could do to fix the problem. He thought the smell might have been a dead rodent that the caretaker must have killed in the yard, â€Å"It’s probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard† (289). To quiet down the complaints, he said he would send the message to Ms. Emily’s servant. As more complaints came in and the problem persisted, a group of men decided to take matters into their own hands and made a visit to Miss Emily’s house, â€Å"They broke open the cellular door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the out buildings† (289). After some time, the smell went away. During her younger years, people felt bad for Miss Emily. Her great-aunt old lady Wyatt had gone mad and her father sheltered her so much that he didn’t allow her too far from his sight. He drove everyone away. He felt that there was no young man good enough for his Emily, so she never married and didn’t have any friends. The Griersons believed they were a higher class than most. Emily didn’t have a relationship with her family in Alabama because her father had a fallen out with them over Aunt Wyatt’s property. When Mr. Grierson died, Emily denied he was dead and left him in the house for three days. After many failed attempts by the townspeople to persuade her to get rid of his decomposing body, she let go and buried her father. Now she was all alone and didn’t come out much. Time passed and it was a long time before anyone had seen Emily, â€Å"When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows† (290). Emily’s new look made her seem younger. After Emily’s father’s death, the town paid a construction company to pave the sidewalks. The foreman, Homer Barron, was from up north and grew to know the townspeople. He was â€Å"a big dark, ready men, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face† (290). Homer was Emily’s secret lover, â€Å"Miss Emily and her lover Homer Barron, had been carrying on for the better part of two years† (Scherting398), whether that meant he was dead or alive. Rumors in the town said Homer would not get married, â€Å"Homer himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man† (291). When Emily requested arsenic from the druggist, the town started to become curious whether she was going to kill herself or not, â€Å"I want some poison,† she said to the druggist† (290). Little did they know that it was for Homer, â€Å"Emily feels so disillusioned and desperate th at she manages to poison him, feeling that in this way she can keep him forever with her† (Yang 73). People often saw Homer and Emily together on Sunday afternoons driving in a buggy. Some of the town’s ladies weren’t too pleased with the sight. As Homer and Miss Emily spent more time together, the ladies thought it was a dishonor to the town and a terrible example to the young folks so they reached out to her family in Alabama to see if they can come and stay with her. During the cousins stay, Emily went to the store and bought jewelry, a toilet set,  men’s clothing and a nightshirt. They were thought to surely be married now with Emily preparing for his stay, but while the cousins were at the house, Homer left. Soon after her relatives left Homer returned. After his last sighting entering Miss Emily’s house, Homer was never seen again as well as Miss Emily, but from time to time she would be seen by her window. People thought Miss Grierson went crazy. It was years before she would be seen again, â€Å"When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat an d her hair was turning gray† (292). Emily got ill and died downstairs in one of the rooms. The funeral was held days after Miss Emily’s death. Her family and the townspeople came to make their final view. Ladies all about, men in their confederate uniforms, on the porch and in the yard, they waited after Emily was buried before they went in the room that hadn’t been visited in decades. When the door was broken down, dust filled the room. Inside, it looked like a preparation for a wedding; decorated with faded rose color curtains and lights. Across the room stood a dressing table with crystal set in row and a man’s tarnished, silver toilet set. There also rest a collar and tie. Hanging on a chair, a suit cautiously folded and accompanied by some shoes and socks. To the spectators surprise, lying amongst everything rest Homer. Underneath his nightshirt, his body was molded to fit an embrace. Imprinted on a pillow next to his decayed remains; caressed by time, laid an indentation of a head. In the crest of the indentation rest a single long, gray strand o f hair from Miss Emily head. It was not until her final day of death that the readers could fully picture Emily as being insane. Having being denied male companionship by her father, she was desperate for love. She was so crazy that she killed the man she loved and used her aristocratic position to cover up the murder. By killing Homer, she didn’t realize that she was sentencing herself to total isolation, no contact with anything or anyone from the outside world. The narrator persuaded the reader to believe that Emily killed Homer and then preserved his body in the moment of her most anticipated day. To her, she sealed her love, preventing the stroke of loneliness. Always being comforted by his touch, she laid with him until she became ill and overcome by death. Work Cited SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on A Rose for Emily.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2013 Dliworth, Thomas. â€Å"A Romance to Kill For: Homocidal Complicity in Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily.† Studies in Short Fiction 361999 251-62. 21 Nov 2008. Yagcioglu, Semiramis. â€Å"Language, Subjectivity and Ideology in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†.† Journal of American Studies of Turkey 2(1995) 49-59. 21 Nov 2008. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† In The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 2160-2166. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003.

The Powerful Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Adventures Huckle

The Powerful Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Samuel Langhorne Clemens first published his story, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, he was criticized severely. On top of that, the book was banned from libraries and schools alike. The book was thought to be a bad influence on children because it represents the breaking of the law as moral, it recommends disobedience and defiance on the part of young people, it portrays churchgoers as hypocritical, and the most admirable characters in the book habitually lie and steal and loaf (Johnson XII). In this day and time, though, the book has become required reading for many schools, and is found in almost every library in the country. Why has there been a change in attitude about the book? I believe that it was Twain's ideas on slavery, and his views on the "code of honor" of the South that made critics and readers alike come to love his book and see it for what it really was below the surface.    Twain was completely and utterly against slavery. He viewed it as immoral and wrong. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain writes on two aspects of slavery that particularly bothered him. One is the legal concept of the slave as property, and the other is the endorsement and support of slavery on religious and moral grounds by the established church. Repeatedly in the novel, the reader is reminded of the cruel absurdity by which one human being pretends to own another, much as one would own a cow or a horse, and that this is done in the name of religion adds makes it even more perverse (Johnson 110). The idea of a slave as property is introduced immediately after Jim, one of the main characters and a slave, runs away. He speaks of himself as property: "... ...m completely that it was a very foolish way of life.    Works Cited Adams, Richard P., Unity and Coherence of Huckleberry Finn. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Simpson, Claude M., ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1968. Crowley, Donald J., ed. One Hundred Years of Huckleberry Finn: The Boy, His Book, and American Culture. Columbia: U of Missouri, 1985. Johnson, Claudia Durst. Understanding Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1996. Poirier, Richard, Huck Finn and the Metaphors of Society. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Simpson, Claude M., ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1968. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (1884) Secaucus: Castle, 1987.   

Auto Industry

Founded on June 6, 1925 by Walter P. Chrysler, this American automobile manufacturer had existed on between the year 1925 and 1998 and was named as the Chrysler Corporation. The corporation was born from the residuals of the Maxwell Motor Company. The first Chrysler automobile was made in the month of January of the year 1924 when Walter Chrysler made a rescue job for the Willys car company during the early 1920s. At an affordable price that the consumer might expect upon this 6-cylinder Chrysler automobile, with an advanced and being a well-engineered car, triggered the beginning of the Chrysler Corporation.In 1926, the Maxwell Company had been rebranded and re-engineered under the name Chrysler and Walter Chrysler as the president (Answers). In 1979, the Chrysler Corporation seemed to be in the midst of bankruptcy. A gas crisis occurred during the year 1973, a great challenged the Chrysler Corporation must face. Also, the corporation’s redesigned ponycars doesn’t seem to catch the attention of the buyers. During these years also is the declination of the sales of the large-car and were also the times where the Barracude and the Dodge Challenger end were spotted.This was really a hard time for the corporation. In 1977, one of the company’s branches abroad, the Chrysler Europe collapsed. A hope retained when the Chrysler Australia was sold to Mitsubishi Motors where money on hand is really a great help. Right before the Chrysler Corporation had fully recovered, the second gas crisis strikes again bringing disaster lowering the sales of the large cars and trucks of the Chrysler Corporation. At this moment of time, there would be no backbone to support the company that can save them the second time around.The Chrysler Corporation had made a petition for a loan of US $1. 5 billion in the US government. This may be the best thing to do for the corporation not to reach its bankruptcy. That loan had guaranteed the avoidance of the corporation to bankruptcy and then the Chrysler Corporation went back to the automobile business creating innovative models such as the K-car platform and the minivan concept and fights its way back (Answers). The present General Manager and CEO of the Chrysler Corporation is Tom Lasorda. The DaimlerChrysler call out for the sale of the Chrysler to the prospected buyer.The Canada’s Magna Corporation, together with â€Å"a private equity partner† which seems to be The Blackstone Group LP, offered an amount of $4. 6 billion for the Chrysler from the DainlerChrysler. The General Motors also showed an interest upon buying the Chrysler. In addition, Ford and Toyota are also found on the rumors as a suitor of the Chrysler. Analysts point out that Ford is out of the play because they will have to sell first their Aston Martin to get the amount of money. Toyota also is out of the floor for the reason that buying the Chrysler would cost them more millions of bucks than creating a new one.And lately, another buyer came up. Billionaire Kerkorian made an offer of cash amounting to $4. 5 billion to buy the Chrysler (Leftlanenews). If the Chrysler was sold to General Motors, the GM would be willing to spend cash worth of $18 billion dollars restructuring the Chrysler. Also, if the buyer was other, the first thing that would come up to their mind is the restructuring of the Chrysler itself. Section 2. Bankruptcy of Delphi and other Suppliers of Auto Parts Bankruptcy has also come to threaten even the largest auto parts supplier of the world, the Delphi.There is a net loss of Delphi on the first six months of this year amounting to $741 million. Of the last year, Delphi also had a net loss of $4. 8 billion. The company’s stocks have been put to on a downgraded junk status. This big loss on the net income of the company was caused by the continuous increase in the fuel prices. In addition to this, there is also a declining share of US automakers in the market that puts u p too much pressure on Delphi. In 1999, GM had decided to get rid of Delphi as their major supplier of auto parts.That is for the reason that Delphi was asking for a bailout for the company which would cost the GM an amount reaching to $6 billion. In addition to this, GM would also have other expenses of paying for the medical and pension benefits of the workers of Delphi. Other auto parts supplier had followed the announcing their bankruptcy and has threatened the US auto industry. The effect of this bankruptcy if it happens would initiate destruction of jobs of hundreds of thousands of workers in the auto industry (Isaacs). Section 3. Toyota and other Large Car Manufacturer’s ExpansionToyota together with its successful in the auto industry in the land of the United States of America would probably decide of expanding the company’s market. In November 13, 2006, a news item from the Los Angeles Times states that there is a leaked copy of the â€Å"global master planà ¢â‚¬  of the Toyota Motor Corporation. In the global master plan, there states that by 2010, Toyota will takeover the No. 1 selling spot in the auto industry which was owned by General Motors at this time. Also included on the global master plan was the aim for the 15 percent target of the company on the world car market by the year 2010 (Channel).Toyota Motor Corporation would plunge to Russia, India, China and Brazil markets as confirmed by the company. Their reason; helping in the rapid global expansion of fuel. Together with their expansion on the other part of the world, with their quest of being the â€Å"King of the Car World†, are the auto suppliers clinging to their wheels on their way there. It is simply for the reason that, in the place where the big consumer (of auto supplies) is (Toyota and other car manufacturers), there would be the presence of the suppliers that will feed their needs. References Answers. â€Å"Chrysler†. 2007.April 8 2007. . Channel, T he Auto. â€Å"Leaked: Toyota's â€Å"Global Master Plan† Calls for 15 Percent Worldwide Share by 2010†³. 2006. April 9 2007. . Isaacs, Jerry. â€Å"Delphi Demands Unprecedented Wage Cuts from Us Auto Workers†. 2005. April 9 2007. . Leftlanenews. â€Å"Billionaire Kerkorian Makes Offer to Buy Chrysler Group†. 2007. April 8 2007. .

Objective Function vs Constraints in Linear Programming Essay

Linear Programming Model in Operation Research study is usually mathematical type of model which contains set of equations that represent objective function and constraints. The keywords in this article are Objective Function and Constraints, according to Heizer & Render (2008) Objective Function are mathematical expression expressed in linear programming designed to maximizes or minimizes some quantity, for example profit can maximized while the cost might be reduced. The objective function is also called effectiveness function, it is the mathematical expression of the objectives which may be cost of operation or profit on operation (Kumar and Hira, 2008). Constraints which is also known as restrictions are mathematical expressions of the limitations that are involved in fulfilling the objectives; they are caused by scarce or limited resources which may include money, space, manpower, materials and so on. Heizer & Render (2008) defined constraints as restrictions which limit the ext ent to which a manager can pursue an objective The objective function is more important than the constraints in a linear programming model under the circumstances in which the controllable variables which is also called the decision variables forms the major components of the linear programming model. Controllable variables are the variables that are directly under the control of the operations analyst; their values are determined by the solution of the problem. Using the stock control or inventory as an example, the controllable variables are the order size and the interval between the placed orders (Kumar and Hira, 2008). On the other hand the constraints are more important than the objective function in linear program model when the models function depends largely on the uncontrollable variables of the model. They are variables that are the function of the external environment and over which the operations analyst has no control, such variables are known as state of nature. Using the transportation system as an example, the per unit transportation cost is known as uncontrollable variable because it is subjected to continuous, unceasing change. In conclusion, it is imperative to understand and analyses the situation carefully before applying one linear programming over the other in other to improve or optimize current operations (Heizer & Render, 2008). Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or choose without examining several samples, the more reason why it is important to define variables which represent the problem  from the real world, then based on the variable determine the most applicable method (Heizer & Render, 2008). References: Heizer, J. & Render, B. (2008) Operations Management and Principles of Operations Management. PowerPoint presentation, 7th Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 Kumar, G.P. and Hira D.S. (2008). Operations Research, Revised Edition. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.

Marketing Sonko Mobile Games

Marketing Sonko Mobile Games Sonko Mobile Games (SMG) is a creator of mobile games involving current or upcoming events. This market plan is intended to reflect our unique market quota, as well as the diverse strategies we are utilizing to acquire clients. The plan also signifies how we have established a stable revenue stream. Basically, we do no just involve ourselves in mobile games just like any other game developer.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing: Sonko Mobile Games specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Our exceptional focus of developing games with unique features provides us with an overwhelming advantage over our existing and emerging competitors. Therefore, this has resulted in us creating unique games which traditional gamers can’t afford to create. More so, we have equally expanded our focus to include games with appealing comical aspects in our creations. The growing marketing and technological challenges have compelled us to undertake extreme measures to cushion our organization and products from competitors. Therefore, we will bank roll creation of our novel games by offering consulting services to develop similar games for marketing purposes. Hence, these consulting engagements will be coming from sponsorship associations that we are establishing with diverse corporations. Also this would entail developing customized games for the interested organization. This would involve entrenching their brand requiring features that are more customized so that they can appear as their own product. Therefore, in the coming years we anticipate consulting to constitute a considerable segment of our income stream. Vision Our vision and objectives is to provide the clients with an uncompromised escape of entertainment over the interlude of their ordinary day. Basically, we achieve this by offering the clients timely interactive games that they have a right to use on their mobile gadgets. These amusements are un complicated to play and have various relationships with contemporary pop culture news. SMG influences our squad’s software creation imagination to develop opportune games swiftly. Our promotional and marketing challenge is to win or attain visibility effortlessly. We anticipate achieving this by influencing a multi-divided approach that embraces social media, internet marketing including search engine exploitation strategies to acquire greater market share.   As we move towards attaining greater traction in the competitive market, word of mouth will considerably lift our game downloads considerably (Laguna, et al 2004).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The impact of the external operating environment Considering our target markets are essentially etched between the ideal clientele of those aged between 12 and 25 years. It is thus paramount for those using our games to have mobile gadgets that permit applications downloads. Such gadgets may include android, iphone, as well as blackberry. However, diverse external operating environment aspects such as PEST, key competitors, nature and drivers of competition, market potential, customer value concepts, segments and markets are affecting the manner our organization is operating. For instance the organization sales as is shown in the graph reflects these changes. Our competitors have equally developed a number of applications which can be downloaded on the same gadgets our games are being downloaded. This is quite a challenge but with the due consideration we have the capability to overcome these challenges. Some of the approaches employed by our key competitors concerns employing low pricing aspects to attain a greater market shares. Equally, we have to evaluate the key market drivers that are apposite for our own very survival. Some of these market drivers are extremely determined by te chnological changes and emerging market tastes. Therefore, considering the elements of our emerging market base, religious context, significance of our products and their effects on the morals of the users are paramount drivers influencing the mobile game industry. Sony Corporation and Microsoft developers our core rivals have incorporated these attributes in their creations (Lorna 2002). Therefore, it would be of great significance to evaluate the social scope which influences market drivers. This can be from promotional angle to advertising, sales as well as discounted rates on our products. More so, the nature of market drivers has a considerable role in shaping the mobile games development as well as its market prominence. This can be attributed to the manner diverse social, economic and technological features have shaped the industry focus. Hence these factors have shaped the SMG as: Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing: Sonko Mobile Games speci fically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is per the period ending 2010. The scope of market potential has considerably been affected by the emergence of cheap computing power, vigorous wireless networks, phones, including the growth and development of stable broadband. These features have created a considerable market potential due to the growing mobile games technology and consumer trends. Also maturing of client base is becoming a considerable force influencing the market potential. Therefore, regarding SMG market it would be instrumental for us to exploit these features in order to sustain our market share.  Mobile games consumers are commonly savvy and in most cases must be in a position of having direct access to either a computer or a mobile game compatible phone. These classes have been established to have a considerable range of usable income. They include students, teenagers living with their guardians or parents or those individuals who have managed to joint the growing workforce. To exploit this potential market we have to design and develop games appealing to all economic and social ranks. This can be allied to the fact that for the time we have been in mobile games industry we have been focusing on two fronts namely; mobile game consumers, and organizations anticipating to reach them. Therefore, to sustain these two objectives we have to develop applications that are in nature tools of creating amusing and creative experiences for the users. To understand the scope of our market engagement it would be instrumental to understand that we have created and developed a number of mobile games. Equally, we have created two categories of mobile games in order to sustain a vibrant market. The two categories are free mobiles games, these games acts a taster for our clients while the second category concerns paid mobile games, these games contains diverse and unique features which are appealing to both young and old consum ers. However, the above mentioned factors have played a considerable role in shaping the manner our operations as well as developments of novel game software’s are executed. Regarding the market these features have in some instance propelled SMG to a greater height in the industry.  But there are instances where they have emerged as the greatest obstacle in our organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This resulted in dwindling fortunes, low sales including plummeting gains across diverse platforms. However, with established marketing strategies we have managed to establish profound strategies which have continued to be highly effective. All in all, another profound aspects touching on our organizations pertains to PEST (political, economic, social cultural and technological factors)-as we have been creating games touching on all aspects of the society. As a commercial organization we have examined and considered our business environment prior to our marketing procedures (Weingand 2002). This has become a seamless approach in our organization and concerns all feeds relating to planning. Our organizational and marketing environment is predominantly made up of internal and external environments. However, the aspects of PEST have been cited a decisive factor threatening the expansion of SMG in some area globally. Objections From comprehensive analysis of past as well as the present performance, even if historically doing well, the mobile games shares has been hovering at around 12% in the current mobile games markets. This has resulted in an increase in gains in the last two financial periods. The conventional business had been sluggish and there were almost zero investment. SMG anticipates growing and developing the existing market segments in order to achieve 20% market share while developing new markets. Market overview The market shares including its position can be viewed in this table. The effectiveness of the organizations marketing response Examining the organizations marketing strategies as well as the information evaluated through the use of SWOT analysis. It would be imperative to argue that the organizations marketing response is quite superb. This can be allied to the fact that after identifying the key challenges within the market they have employed counter interactive measures. More so, these measures entails having a vibrant marketing team, re search oriented division plus a comprehensive promotional segment. These divisions are exploited in countering any threats or weaknesses. Some of the challenges identified as consequence of marketing audit concerns using alien platforms for their applications, having seasonal marketing plans, as well as relying on other firms to design unique platforms. And this has become a hindrance in marketing as well as developing our own unique designs. Despite such a challenge the effectiveness of our marketing response is principally tied to matching strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In addition this has resulted in a scenario where our target market is reached. Exploring the diverse mechanisms of effective marketing such as advertising, discounted sales as well as provision of promotion through free game downloads, we have managed to connect our clients with our timely products.  As we carried this analysis we identified three basic features of creating effective marketing response. These features entails having a functional marketing strategy, marketing measurement as well as a well articulated marketing execution. The purpose of these features is to create and enhance effectiveness and efficiency in regard to dealing with market challenges. As a mobile games creators we have over the years experienced a number of marketing challenges such as low sales, new designs, foreign technology as well as social cultural factors. However, to overcome these challenges we have developed market strategies which are designed to sustain a strong market base. It is essential to assert that positive market response in regard to both challenges and opportunities have resulted in higher revenues. The efficiency and effectiveness of the market response can be attributed to the scope of having clear marketing policies. This includes establishing the use of market analytics as well as market performance as the foundation of our marketing response. Consider the fact that w e are experiencing such challenges as poor brand recognition, high delivery expenses of our applications, and extreme reliance on external outsourcing. Also there are market threats which are identified as quality issues from our competitors, emerging mobile games firms providing simple games and software applications as well as established organizations with greater buying and selling power who are affecting online mobile playoffs market share.  In regard to such challenges SMG has gradually established online traffic. This involves a unique system of making repeat customers to influence our market segment through complimentary sales. Also increased use of the websites as well as other online features has proved to be useful. This can be tied to the fact that it has increased our marketing response and efficiency in regard to emerging challenges and opportunities (Slater 2002). Therefore, to reinforce our organizations efficiency in regard to market response we have etched our ma rketing aspects to the dynamics of external environment. These dynamics involves gauging opportunities against consumer needs, satisfaction as well as evaluating their purchasing trends and preferences. Also the scope of our suppliers has been considered in regard to establishing a clear chain of communication this has resulted in a profound and reliable working strategies (Ovidiu 2000). Despite that the mentioned dynamics have illustrated that any organizational response to the market must be established within the tenets of satisfying the intended market. This has resulted in dynamic growth as is illustrated below by revenue as well as market share. This covers a five year period. The table illustrates our organization has increased it dominance. Market data Type Date Volumeunits %Growth: Volume Revenue$m %Growth: Revenue H 31/12/06 2815.0 H 31/12/07 2927.2 4.0 H 31/12/08 3066.3 4.8 H 31/12/09 3235.8 5.5 C 31/12/10 3440.5 6.3 Sonko Mobile Games informati on Type Date Volumeunits Revenue$m Market %Share: Volume Market %Share: Revenue %Margin Margin$m H 31/12/06 272.7 9.7 36.7 100.2 H 31/12/07 293.2 10.0 37.1 108.9 H 31/12/08 282.0 9.2 37.7 106.3 H 31/12/09 337.0 10.4 38.1 128.6 C 31/12/10 385.5 11.2 39.0 150.3 H = History Period, C = Current Year Profits have matured at 11% and 16% correspondingly over the past 2 years including the development in both new application and new markets. As we examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats concerning SMG we realized that this organization has subtle mechanisms of marketing. Hence, its efficiency and effectiveness in regard to market responses are well developed. This can be testified by the manner the organization has managed to integrate diverse challenges which are in essence threats with emerging opportunities. Under SWOT analysis we identified a number of threats and weaknesses. That’s why the SMG have developed stringent market respon ses in regard to the market evolution which has been caused by changing mobile technologies.  To underpin the efficiency of market response in regard to emerging opportunities and challenges, the organization has embarked on establishing the apposite marketing mix. This includes adopting new measures of sustaining market efficiency and uncompromised response. This has been necessitated by the fact that mobile game consumers are constantly looking for fresh creation and this has been identified both as a threat and as an opportunity. With the growing news events we have to create market philosophies that correlate with our organization products. Hence, the scope of market response and the manner its efficiency is determined is instrumentally tied to planning (Greenbaum 2001). Based on the emerging challenges the organization has therefore employed diverse structural approaches designed to sustain our existing and emerging markets. It should be noted that the imminent challenges ha ve made us to be more focused. Equally the available opportunities have made us develop effective and reliable market response structures. Due to the concentrated promotional campaigns SMG has thorough definitive market response. This is in regard to both challenges and opportunities developed through systematic concept of brand loyalty, brand awareness as well as brand respect in her products. This illustrates the organization market response is positive and beneficial (Senge 1994). Though there are instances where the entire concept is threatened by growing market challenges it has remained effective. Therefore, as its target audience continue to grow so is its focus on enhancing market response in tackling any likely challenge either on technological scope or marketing platform (Lorna 1999). Due to the necessity of remaining relevant in the exploding mobile games industry the organization has embarked on developing a comprehensive market response measures. These measures are link ed to the creation of alternative marketing, as well as product or software sampling including developing event marketing schedules. Though regarding dealing with issues pertaining to market response in some instance has been misunderstood, SMG has one of the most vibrant efficiency mechanism. As a consequence of today’s mobile games competitive markets, SMG has realized success depends on having effective market response systems. More so, these systems are molded to tackle diverse market aspects be it threats, opportunities, weaknesses or strengths. This illustrates why SMG has been building on empowering its staff in regard to dealing with growing market challenges. By having unique market analysis procedure the organization has managed to forge a profound market response base. Equally, the diverse challenges identified through the market illustrate that SMG deals with the aspects of challenges and opportunities on a similar and equal approach. This is defined by the way th e organization has put in place diverse measures of identifying the emerging marketing changes. In essence, the way this organization has managed to capture and influence the mobile games industry demonstrates its efficiency in dealing with response to either challenges or opportunities. Also its dominance on the mobile games market testifies to this. Segmentation and positioning strategies As mobile games developer’s has grown to be a leader in creation of diverse tools and applications concerning mobile games and news events applications. This being one of the organizations core strengths, it has over the years been challenged by emerging similar organizations. This has been due to its current segmentation which seems to be in a way in effective. Consider that as continental and a global player in application and software development industry, market positioning becomes instrumental. However, due to the growing need to remain in the mobile games industry SMG have formulated dynamic segmentation and positioning plans using the diverse features of market research. Through concentrated market research we have recognized our core market segments, these segments have been compacted into three key groups, linked to mobile games application and development. These segments are defined as user, non-user and former user (Lim 2002).  However, one of the foremost focuses of SMG has been the non-user group. The organizations desire to move beyond the common market aspects has been fuelled by segmentation and positioning. Therefore, looking at the manner diverse aspects has been examined; diversity in consumer needs and the desire to attain and reach specialized markets has equally contributed to the efficiency of the SMG segmentation and positioning scope (Hay 1999).  Therefore, the organization as it identified its weak points and through exploiting the emerging opportunities has embarked on segmenting its existing markets. This scope includes identifying mor e attractive market segments. This has resulted in the organization identifying new markets for its applications, while creating apposite positioning and beneficial strategies. The reason this organization opted for segmentation research relates to its internal and external forces. These forces are calling for a more open market strategy in addition to examining the reasons behind the declining brand, the necessity of launching new brand, plus restructuring their existing structural policies (Gale Research 2000; Scholtes 2000). Therefore, in such observation SMG segmentation and positioning can be said to be effective. Note that, this organization has stayed in touch with the emerging changes within the mobile games industry. The market comparisons as is testified by the following graphs testifies to this concept. One thing is apparent; the organization is strategies are effective. This can be testified by the way the organization has enhanced its market position by creating brand differentiation including targeted promotion. Also the articulate matching of the organizations highly effective and effectual resources to the anticipated market segments illustrates the organizations efficiency on ROMI (return on marketing investment). SMG segmentation reflects its relationship as well as the needs of her consumer. More so, the organizations segmentation and positioning is based on the established market strategies. Which are in essence compacted through breakdown-approach. Hence, the organizations use of both breakdown as well as build-up plans have provided it with a more apposite, accurate and highly profitable view of the mobile games markets. The extent to which the SMG segmentation and positioning can be said to be effective are equally illustrated by the manner the organization embraces customer-related procedures. The approach entails segmenting its products and services market through intricate profile of where the market is including where they are. Ther efore, it can be asserted that the organizations segmentation and positioning is productive. In that they have managed to provide their consumers with what they need not basing their approach on how they design their applications. Thus, looking at the existing mobile games market’s segmentation and positioning strategies the organization has managed to establish improved efficiency in its operations. Also this approach has illustrated the organization is gaining competitive advantage over its rivals. This is well demonstrated by the manner the organization has been segmenting its clients and equally providing them with a number of unique mobile games applications (Drucker 2002).  Concerning the effects of segmentation and positioning, SMG has shown that this approach is highly effective in its operations. The benefits of this approach have made it possible for this organization to undertake mass marketing including offering new applications in the market. Though, the client s are becoming more dynamic and diversified, it is through positioning and repositioning as well as segmentation that they have remained in the industry. Conclusion SMG as a mobile games creator has been in the industry for a number of years. However, just like any other organization it has faced a number of dissimilar challenges, threats as well as opportunities. But with the exploitation of analysis tools such as SWOT, PESTLE, and MOST the organization has managed to identify the diverse facets that needs to be addressed (Ould 2005). This can be attributed to the fact that mobile games industry is ever transforming due to the emerging technologies. The entire concept therefore raises a number of unforeseen opportunities and threats. In some instances, weakening the entire organizational structures. However, SMG has shown that articulate planning and having clear marketing policies makes it possible to remain in the competitive market. Equally, having profound structures of address ing market response in regard to challenges and opportunities is essential. The reason organizations have a value for effective market response is that it determines their engagement with the changing consumer behaviors. Therefore, through seamless focus SMG has shown that business strategic planning is fundamental, either in the realm of segmentation or market positioning. Hence, understanding the major issues within the business environment is instrumental in sustaining a viable business environment. On the other hand, SMG approach to segmentation and positioning shows the organizations prowess in the art of dividing and conquering. This scope has made this organization to effectively differentiate its products in the market. Also, by embracing this concept they have managed to identify the apposite market pool for their diverse products and services (Kiragu 2011). References List Drucker, Peter. (2002) Innovation and Entrepreneurship. NY, Harper. Gale Research. (2000) Notable Cor porate Chronologies. Detroit, Gale Research. Greenbaum, Thomas. (2001) Focus Group Research. New York, Lexington. Hay, Robert. (1999) Encyclopedia of Consumer Brand. Detroit, St. James. Kiragu, Peter. (2011) Market analysis objectives. Nairobi, St.Teresa Books. Laguna, Manuel., Marklun, Johan. (2004) Business Process. NY, Prentice. Lim, Kyung-Sun. (2002) How Products Are Made. Detroit, Gale Research. Lorna, Daniells (2002) Business Information Sources. Berkeley, UCP. Lorna, Daniells. (1999). Business Intelligence. Boston, Harvard. Ould, Martyn. (2005) Business Process Management. London, BCS. Ovidiu, Noran. (2000) Business Modeling.Griffh, Griffh University. Scholtes, Peter. (2000) Making Things Happen.NY, McGraw-Hill. Senge, Peter. (1994) The Fifth Discipline. New York, Doubleday. Slater, Robert. (2002) Management Insights. NY, McGraw-Hill. Weingand, Darlene. (2002) Marketing. Englewood, Libraries Unlimited.