Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games

Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games ASSIGNMENT 1 Analyse one particular sporting event, one series of sporting events (e.g. The FA Cup) or one sporting organisation in the UK. Analysis should cover the events/s or organisations social, cultural, political and economic significance in the UK. You may choose which sporting event, which series of sporting events or which organisation that you wish to analyse. This essay will analyse the benefits that the 2012 Olympic Games will and has brought to the UK. The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring many benefits to the UK this essay intends to look at several of these opportunities; these opportunities include the development of sport, increase in tourism and increase in economic activity throughout the UK. (reference) Local authorities are already using the inspiration of the Games to spread wider social, economic and sporting benefits to their communities in the run up to the 2012. This will be the basis for a long term and UK wide legacy from the Games. The local Government Association has worked with local authorities to identify six UK wide legacy benefits: Inspiring children and young people Raising our sporting game and influencing healthier lifestyles Volunteering Championing culture Generating and supporting tourism Boosting the local economy Many of these legacy benefits are already important to local communities, and local authorities are working hard to partners to improve performance and service delivery. The 2012 Games provide a unique catalyst to reach new groups of people, bring new partners to the table and help local authorities achieve existing targets. (reference) Staging the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in 2012 is an opportunity to bring about positive change on a massive scale. The Games would not only add to the UKs nations sporting heritage but will also celebrate the diversity of the capital. It is a unique chance to showcase the best of London to the world and would generate huge benefits for all those who live or work in the city: Boost for Sport: A London 2012 Games would accelerate the delivery of new world-class sports infrastructure for the UK and London in particular. For example, after the Games, the athletics Stadium, Aquatics Centre, Velodrome, Indoor Sports Arena, Hockey Centre, Canoe Slalom will all be available for use by the community as well as elite athletes. The 2012 Olympic Games is most likely to create extraordinary levels of interest from local authorities and business that would most likely open up further channels of funding for sport at all levels. Based on the experiences of former host Olympic countries, funding for the development of elite athletes in the years running up to the Games would increase. Hosting teams for many months before the Games could also act as a catalyst for developing and refurbishing existing UK sports facilities. The 2012 Olympic Games will increase the amount of jobs, will provide skills for people and will provide a boost for Business. Every sector of the economy will also benefit from the staging of the Olympic Games. Thousands of UK companies, small and large will be needed to deliver the Games i.e., construction, manufacturing, catering, merchandise, services etc, creating valuable procurement opportunities. The experience from Sydney showed that New South Wales business won over A$1Billion in contracts for the Games (PWC report), over A$300M from regional companies with 55,000 people receiving employment related training. The Australian experience shows that around 125 teams from 39 countries undertook pre-Games training in locations across New South Wales. This training is estimated to have injected some A$70 million into the States economy (PWC, 2002). This activity commenced as early as 1997 when the Belgian athletics team trained at Narrabeen. Londons tourism industry will receive a significant boost, not just for the duration of the Games but in the run up to and long after the Games. An example of how an area can benefit from the 2012 Olympic Games is the increase in local visitor economy in Dorset, Weymouth and Portland. They will host the Sailing events in 2012. The Spirit of the Sean festival, which celebrates the areas close relationship with the sea, has completed its second year and is going from strength to strength. Last years festival showcased around 50 activities at 27 venues. The festival brings together a range of sporting and cultural events, including water sports competitions for people of all ages and standards, concerts on the beach, the Dorset Seafood festival, the Henri Lloyd Weymouth Regatta and the Moving Tides Childrens Procession. As well as encouraging people to be more active and get involved with local cultural opportunities, each visitor to the festival spent on average of  £68, providing an important boost to the economy. Dorset and its partners will be using the councils beacon status to share learning on how to secure a tourism legacy from the 2012 Games with other local authorities. A London Games would also provide many new learning opportunities for Londoners to train and develop their skills. Thousands of new jobs will be created by building the new park that will be connected to the tidal Thames estuary. Up to 70,000 volunteers would be required to help run the Games in 2012. This would require the biggest volunteer recruitment drive in UK peacetime, providing a unique boost both to sport specific, and general, volunteering in the UK. An example of this is Kent County councils aim to secure maximum benefit and long-term legacy from the Games. A key project of the campaign is the Kent event team, which has used Games as a catalyst to recruit volunteers for events and one off sport, leisure and cultural activities across the count. The Kent event team is a partnership between Kent county council and the voluntary sector. Voluntary Action Maidstone is the lead voluntary sector partner. In its first 18months, a manager and voluntary support staff were appointed, 700 volunteers and 40 organisations were registered and 20 events were supported. These included sporting, cultural and artistic events and festivals. The Kent event team aims to: Enable people who are unable or unwilling to make a long term commitment to volunteer on a flexible, one off basis. Support the voluntary, community, statutory and private sectors to develop good practice in volunteer management with regard to community events Deliver a network of volunteers available for wider community use after the 2012 Games. An Olympic host nation is obliged by the IOC to stage various large scale â€Å"test events† such as world championships ahead of the Games. In addition, International Sports Federations are keen to hold world and European championships and other major events in the Olympic host country to enable their athletes to acclimatise with that country. Such events can deliver several million pounds to the relevant town/host city. E.g. Birmingham City Council concluded that hosting of the World Indoor Athletics Championships and World Badminton Championships in 2003 had a positive economic impact of  £3.5M and  £2.5M respectively. (reference) Creative Capital: Creative Industries is the fastest growing sector in London, responsible for one in five new jobs in the capital. An Olympic cultural Programme is a major aspect of the Games. From concerts in the parks to street theatre, the Games would provide a platform for talented artists in London to showcase their skills to a global audience. A UK-wide Olympic Torch Relay in 2012 possibly lasting several months is likely to involve every major city and town in the UK. Stage managers, lighting technicians, producers and artists will be needed to deliver the Games. Training programmes will ensure that the skills are embedded within the creative sector for future generations. Boosting Health and Sporting success: Hosting the worlds greatest sporting event given the passion, excitement and interest likely to be generated would boost Government initiatives to promote participation in sport and physical activity at all levels. Physical Change: The Olympic Games would bring forward one of the largest and most significant urban regeneration projects ever undertaken in the UK, through the transformation of the Lower Lea Valley in east London. The area has already been identified as a priority by the Government, the Mayor and the LDA. The building of the Olympic Park and the different venues has many economic and social benefits which in turn has a positive impact on local communities in London and different parts of the UK. The transport throughout London will be improved in order to smoothly transport thousands of officials, athletes and spectators to the Games. Some of the improvements will be a  £1bn improvement to the London East line, a Channel Tunnel Shuttle link from Stratford to Kings Cross, and extensions to the DLR. The development of the Olympic Park would increase the amount of green space, conserve local biodiversity, wetlands, improve air, soil and water quality in the area. The park will be planted with many different trees and plants. The waterways and canal of the River Lea will be cleaned and made wider; the natural floodplains of the area will be restored to provide a new wetland habitat for wildlife, birdwatchers and ecologists to enjoy in the middle of the city. The Games would set new standards for sustainable production, consumption and recycling of natural resources. This approach echoes the ethos of Towards a One Planet Olympics, applicable to cities in both the developed and developing worlds. There are many benefits that the Games will have on the UK but one of the main benefits of the Games will be the building of 5,000 homes following the renovation of the Olympic Village after the games. Officials and athletes will stay in the Olympic Village during the Games and then after the Games the village will be converted into housing for workers such as nurses and teachers. Housing will also be built on the Olympic Park site after the Games, this will provide further amenities for the local community which will include cafes, shops, restaurants etc. This equality impact assessment of the Olympic delivery authority (ODA) Lighting Strategy has sought to assess the likely impact of the delivery of the lightining strategy on the equality target groups. The ODA Equality and inclusion programme, the ODAs equality and diversity strategy and the ODAs three equality schemes covering race, disability and gender equality. The overreaching aim of the ODA is to create an inclusive Games, which promoted good equality practices and access for all. This mission extends the aims of the ODA beyond these statutory duties to include the newer equality strands of age, religion and sexual orientation and other inclusion issues centred on socio-economic, culture and political disadvantage. The ODA are using a wider range of diverse suppliers, this will help to promote equal opportunities to everyone and hopefully will erase discrimination in the workplace by doing this recruiting and managing employees would be considered as fair. The ODA are working with other organisations to offer training to minority ethnic people, women and disabled people to encourage them to apply for jobs in the construction of the 2012 Olympic Games where they have been under represented. The ODA want to create an inclusive 2012 Olympic Games which will be inclusive for all people, ways in which they will do this is by providing a reachable transport network that will allow everyone to enjoy the Games and by involving the local communities. If all the above is achieved by the ODA then the 2012 Olympic Games will leave a lasting legacy for equality and inclusion. The London organising committee of the Olympic and Paralympic games plan to get women, disabled people and BAME people actively involved in sport by raising awareness so a wider range of people watch the 2012 Games and influencing key partners to train young people in sports volunteering, coaching and other related skills. They will also challenge discrimination in sport by spreading positive messages, supporting programmes that promote equality and making full use of the London 2012 Paralympic games to inspire disabled people. They hope that with the right approach that the 2012 Games will benefit everyone.

Point of View Essay

The speaker of the story, who speaks as a first-person narrator, is not named. We may conclude that he has had a good deal of experience with small boats, and with the language of sailors. His concentration shifts in the course of the story. At first, he seems to be aware of all four men on the boat, collectively, and he makes observations that permit us to understand the ideas and responses of the men, who are linked in a virtual â€Å"brotherhood† because of their having been stranded on a tiny boat amid the high waves that are menacing their existence (paragraph 9). At about paragraph 49, however, the speaker shifts his concentration primarily to the correspondent, while he describes the other men more dramatically. Might we assume that at this point, Crane is merging the speaker of the story with his own voice, as nearly as we can determine it? Throughout, the speaker introduces some of his own ideas, and also, at times, speaks ironically. This accounts for some of the more humorous expressions in the story. Thus, the speaker comments wryly that the men, while rushing from the sinking ship to save themselves, â€Å"had forgotten to eat heartily† and therefore were now being weakened with hunger (paragraph 49). The speaker is in control of the tone of his descriptions, as when he points out that the human back, to a rower, is subject to innumerable and painful kinks and knots (paragraph 82). The speaker is also observant and philosophical, as when he comments that the four men at sea need to turn their heads to contemplate the â€Å"lonely and indifferent shore† (paragraph 206). The story’s final sentence, about the fact that the three surviving men can be â€Å"interpreters,† is suggestive of a good deal of thought and observation that could lead beyond the content of the story. Though the point of view is third-person limited-omniscient, Crane’s merging of his thoughts with the narrator’s would not be as effective, not as dramatic, or objective, for it is this third-person distance that Crane feels would be most suitable for his idea that men are insignificant compared to the forces of nature, or nature itself. The point is driven home well with his particular point of view: another or different point of view would cloud his message and obscure his central theme: a different point of view would be too emotional, too fraught with survivability. The white heron is told from a third-person omniscient point-of-view, one that is aware of both Sylvia’s hopes and aspirations, and the hardships that she will encounter as she strives to achieve them. The constancy of the tree is noted from the very beginning with Sylvia’s recognition that â€Å"[in the] dark boughs [of the tree]†¦ he wind always, stirred, no matter how hot and still the air might be below†¦ † It is from this stillness that Sylvia begins her journey â€Å"with tingling eager blood† and apprehension of the point at which she must make â€Å"the dangerous pass from one tree to the other, [when] the great enterprise would really begin. † This image of making the transition from a smaller tree to a larger more dangerous one is a symbol of Sylvia leaving the realm of her early childhood to begin facing the challenges of becoming an adult. At first, â€Å"Sylvia felt her way uneasily,† but as she crosses trees and feels the support of the old pine, she becomes â€Å"his new dependent. † The pine is likened to â€Å"a great main mast to voyaging earth,† a simile which is followed by the author’s personification of the way in which it â€Å"h [olds] away the winds† to protect the â€Å"solitary gray-eyed child† just as a father would do. The narrative pace of the passage varies from being restrained and held back as Sylvia prepares for her adventure, to increasing in speed slightly once she changes trees, to finally reaching a climax once she reaches the top. It is this fast progression from her climbing and feelings of support from the tree to this climactic awakening that aids in communicating the true extent of Sylvia’s growth. The â€Å"spark of human spirit† that the tree’s â€Å"ponderous frame† helps to lift to the top quickly easily becomes â€Å"a pale star,† trembling and tired, but wholly triumphant. † Bierce tells â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† in three parts. Part I is in objective third-person point of view except for the last three paragraphs. In objective third-person narration, the storyteller observes events but cannot enter the mind of any character and disclose his or her thoughts. In the last three paragraphs of the Part I, the narration shifts to omniscient (all-knowing) third-person point of view in relation to Peyton Farquhar. This shift enables Bierce to take the reader inside Farquhar’s mind to demonstrate how emotional upheaval alters not only the way the mind interprets reality but also the way it perceives the passage of time. First, Farquhar mistakes the ticking of his watch for the tolling of a bell or the ring of an anvil struck by a hammer. Then, after Farquhar drops from the bridge at the moment of execution, he perceives a single second as lasting hours.

The Issue Of Public Bathrooms Essay - 1872 Words

Public bathrooms are meant to be something simple which means that there is ultimately one for each gender, given male or female. Dating back to the years when men and women used the same facilities to during segregation when bathrooms were separated between men, women, and colored to what it’s like today shows that it’s not the first time that bathroom facilities have divided America’s people. And as the world evolves and changes, new problems dealing with bathrooms seem to arise and now one of those issues being about transgender students and which bathroom is acceptable for them to use in public schools. For those that may not know, the term transgender refers to those of who identify themselves as being the opposite gender rather than the sex that was determined at birth. A student in school who may identify as a transgender is going into the bathroom to do the same as any other student or person in the building. They go in to take care of their business, lea ve, and then return to class. Parents of the students in these public schools tend to be concerned and state that it’s dangerous because of the possibility of sexual violence in bathrooms, but then again people might view it differently if they were in the shoes of the transgender who constantly feels as if they are stuck in the wrong body. Even though many people do fear the risk of sexual violence in school bathrooms, people who identify themselves as transgender should be able to use the bathroom of their choice.Show MoreRelatedA Study On The Transgender Community Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity has limited access to bathrooms in which provide safety and comfort. Transgender or gender questioning individuals on campus will often avoid the gender specific bathrooms. This can cause an impact on academic achievement. Students in the transgender community will sometimes walk or drive to the nearest gender-neutral bathroom. With only five gender-neutral bathrooms avai lable to all students attending Towson University, finding a gender-neutral bathroom can be a time expensive activityRead MoreGender Neutral Bathrooms : A Hot Topic Of Discussion Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of having gender neutral bathrooms has been a hot topic of discussion lately. Recent events such as the New York bill about gender neutral bathrooms getting approved has drawn this issue into the public eye. The very controversial decision that Target made to make all of their restrooms gender neutral has also shed light on this issue. Many colleges across the country are also installing gender neutral bathrooms. With the way our society is always advancing, our rules and regulations mustRead MoreJoe Is A Fifteen-Year-Old Boy Whom Is In The Process Of1614 Words   |  7 Pages I just do not know what to do.† This could go through the mind of someone going through the non-passing phase of transitioning into a transgender individual. Lately, there has been heavy discussion on the rights of transgender individuals to use public facilities. These thoughts and conversations have been bubbling in the past few months since President Trump took office in January. Gender-neutral restrooms is a large topic discussed in society today. My research project is going to discuss theRead MoreTransgender People Should Be Allowed The Same Basic Human Rights959 Words   |  4 Pageswhat transgender people strive for, basic human rights. Having the ability to use the bathroom of the gender that they identify with should be one of those rights. However, many people focus on the negatives rather than the benefits such a policy could bring. In turn many people’s first thoughts on this issue go straight to bathrooms becoming unsafe. Though, in reality, transgender people choosing the bathroom they identify with won t affect the safety of other people. Not only that but, protestingRead MoreTransgender Bathroom Access And Public Schools1009 Words   |   5 Pagessign protesting a recent North Carolina law restricting transgender bathroom access is seen in the bathroom stalls at the 21C Museum Hotel in Durham, North Carolina May 3, 2016. (REUTERS/Jonathan Drake/File Phot by Colleen Jenkins WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. (Reuters) - A U.S. judge will hear arguments on Monday to stop North Carolina from en forcing a state law barring transgender people from using bathrooms in government buildings and public schools that correspond with their gender identity Why should thisRead MoreBathroom Rights For Transgender Individuals1289 Words   |  6 Pages Bathroom Rights for Transgender Individuals Josephine Do HDE 110 February 2, 2017 Bathroom Rights for Transgender Individuals Transgender rights and policies have always been an ongoing debate. In the article, â€Å"Bathroom Battlegrounds and Penis Panics,† Schilt and Westbrook (2015) argued that in order to push gender equality forward, we must consider the rights of transgender people by allowing them to have access to bathrooms that support their gender identity rather than theirRead MoreGender Separation in Public Restrooms1233 Words   |  5 PagesFor most of the general population, the decision of which restroom to use when in public is really not much of a decision at all. No thought needs to be put into it, people just choose one and go. For a transgender person deciding upon which restroom to use can be an agonizing decision to make, one that can lead to severe anxiety. Most businesses and schools have very clearly defined â€Å"men’s† and â€Å"women’s† restrooms. Within the transgender community, it is not that black and white. A transgender personRead MoreBat hroom Design Of The Bathroom1494 Words   |  6 PagesBathroom is a place in the house where we escape for a few minutes of privacy and a place where we relax and recharge. Its presence extends beyond the practical functions of personal maintenance and hygiene; it is where we cleanse ourselves spiritually as well as physically. In antiquity, bathing is a purification ritual and baths are spaces designated for ceremonies and rites that require the use of water. Though small in scale, this room that we consider private had, at times of history, a veryRead MoreEssay On Biological Sex971 Words   |  4 PagesIssue in Texas: Gender Identify vs Biological Sex-The Bathroom Bill There’s an ongoing battle in the State of Texas over who should be allowed to use public restrooms. Specifically, which restrooms should transgenders use. There’s strong opposition to legislation regulating bathroom use. Many Texans argue we should all use restrooms based on our biological sex (sex as stated on our birth certificates) but there is strong opposition arguing we should be able to use restrooms based on our GenderRead MoreWhat Was The Aftermath Of The Provision? After Ab12661648 Words   |  7 Pagesact, people who feel their privacy in the bathroom has been violated by a transgender person would have the right to sue for no less than $4,000† (Garza). The act also requires that people use the bathroom that matches their birth sex and this includes bathrooms in public places and in government buildings. Norms Kristen Schilt and Laurel Westbrook, sociologists from the University of Chicago and Grand Valley University, describe in their article â€Å"bathroom battlegrounds and penis panics† the underlying

Analysis Of Enkidu s The Epic - 849 Words

Enkidu’s role in the epic explores the idea that humans cultivation of the earth to suit their own needs will lead to their demise. Enkidu was depicted as androgynous to allow the reader to see themselves in the journey and allows the narrator more flexibility. Enkidu was described as â€Å"lush with head hair like a woman†. Gilgamesh recounted a dream to his mother saying, â€Å"I fell in love with it like a woman I caressed it†. The use of the word â€Å"it† can imply gender is disregarded and allows the narrator the ability to play with the idea of â€Å"it† being a woman but still leaving room for the masculine interpretation. In contrast Enkidu was also described as a strong, fearless and great warrior. He was said to have â€Å"the strength of heaven, and mighty will be his strength† he was also said to be â€Å"valiant in the steppe† which signifies that he is fearless in the wild, and he would have the force of the hero Ninurt a, god of war. Enkidu’s character is androgynous and his journey symbolizes that of man’s. The story of Enkidu is similar to the creation myth of the Bible. According to TheTorah.com part 1 The Midrash Adam like Enkidu was created from clay and was Androgynous. According to Genesis 5:2 of the King James Version â€Å"Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created† This supports the theory that man was created androgynous. Since the epic was written during the Babylonian era and their belief was that God andShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Analysis1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh –Summary and analysis Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is an excerpt of the original text of the Epic listed in the Sources of the Western Tradition, 5th edition, by Perry, Peden and Von Laue (2003). The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of King Gilgamesh who is the powerful king of Uruk, the incidents in his life, the associations he makes, the encounters he has, and the transition that occurs in his life in relation to his gainingRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a Sumerian epic of the great king Gilgamesh and his deeds on Earth in ancient mesopotamia and in the city of Uruk. It is an important historical text because it is one of the oldest western epics and because it explains much about how the ancient Sumerians viewed the Gods (Mark). The epic contains the tells of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, Utnapishtim, and many Gods and Goddesses of ancient Sumeria specifically Ishtar, the Goddess of love. In the tale Gilgamesh is created by the GodsRead MoreRole Of Civilization In The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pagescivilizations, like the Sumerians, were at peace with their environment and community, The Epic of Gilgamesh has challenged that idea and suggests that whether or not a Sumerian was civilized or not, determined their relationship with the environment and community. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, representation of the best and worst of humanity is presented through the characters, Enkidu and King Gilgamesh. From the beginning, Enkidu is portrayed as an uncivilized, wild man who is living harmoniously with the environmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a story of heroes fighting a war not in a battlefield but within their own selves and amongst each other, struggling with their own emotions and attributions to attain the best version of themselves and to fulfill the utmost quest of life. With the use of t wo very different yet so similar characters: Enkidu and Gilgamesh, the epic explains two aspects of same psyche, and different imageries, one of which is door, have been used in the text to explain interactions betweenRead MoreA Critical Appraisal of: Beowulf and Gilgamesh Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 Pagescomparisons that can be drawn between the epics of Beowulf and Gilgamesh. Both are historical poems which shape their respected culture and both have major social, cultural, and political impacts on the development of western civilization literature and writing. Before any analysis is made, it is vital that some kind of a foundation be established so that a further, in-depth exploration of the complex nature of both narratives can be accomplished. The epic of Gilgamesh is an important MiddleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesHERE As readers delve into the depths of The Epic of Gilgamesh, they perceive the allure to dreams which has captivated humanity for centuries. The epic poem uses dreams as a symbolic representation of the human mind and its ceaseless bounds. Given the Mesopotamian culture’s importance in regards to their religion, dreams provide the only means of one connecting with their future and deities. Furthermore, each mental fantasy referenced within the epic delineates the rationale of all beings to actRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh2123 Words   |  9 Pageswomen in the Epic of Gilgamesh had minor roles, their roles were definitely important. The women, who are Aruru, Shamhat, Ninsun, Siduri, Ishtar, and the wife of Utnapishtim, represents not only great wisdom and power, but also temptation, which the men try no to fall victim to, and ruin. Just like the men in this epic, the women also have powers, of which the men were aware. According to the text, â€Å"the stories that [ make up the Epic of Gilgamesh centers] around two major events: Gilgamesh s friendshipRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pages Further analysis of the poem The Epic of Gilgamesh, described the characteristic of king Gilgamesh from the beginning, middle, and end. Throughout the poem, there are immature and petrified moments of Gilgamesh, but more importantly he learned to grow as he explore his journey. Friendship, love, and fear appears to be essential in this poem. Why are those terms relevant ? and how does it connect with the trait of Gilgamesh ?, let’s continue to find out the truth about Gilgamesh. In the beginningRead MoreWomen Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epic Of Gilgamesh and Mesopotamian Society In the Epic of Gilgamesh, gender plays a very significant role, because while women were not the most powerful gods nor the strongest or wisest of all humans, they still had tremendous influence over others around them, and even today, over those who study and learn about the women of the time of Mesopotamia. Though the main characters of the story, Gilgamesh and Enkidu, are male, women did not necessarily play a minor role. Throughout The Epic of Gilgamesh

Black History Should Not Be Celebrated - 1846 Words

February is the time of Valentines Day and the occasional leap year, but many people know it as Black History Month. Black History Month is one of the only national holidays in the United States of America that is for the acknowledgement and honour of African Americans in this its history. It is the time of the year when great African American figures are given praise and taught as â€Å"black history† in the school curriculum. Though its intentions are to celebrate accomplished African-Americans and their contributions, it is a poor method of sharing and learning black history. Black History Month should not be celebrated because it separates African American history from American history and belittles it by only giving it the shortest month of the year where its significance in, and influence, on this nation can be recognized and acknowledged.( Brands: Black History Month Is Best Celebrated Year-round. Brands: Black History Month Is Best Celebrated Year-round. N.p., n.d. Web . 12 Mar. 2015. http://www.campaignlive.com/article/brands-black-history-month-best-celebrated-year-round/1333990.) Dr. Carter Woodson, a pioneer in African American history and the â€Å"Father of Black History†, founded Black History Month in 1936. Woodson was the son of slaves and worked in coalmines and quarries as a child. He went to black schools and taught himself English fundamentals and arithmetic by the time he was 19. After finishing high school after only two years, he went on to the UniversityShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Harlem Renaissance and Its Societal Effects 1133 Words   |  5 Pagesalso have specialized talents and should also be able to display their gifts. The Harlem Renaissance also obtained the notoriety expeditiously that participants of this movement needed to change America’s perspective of black environments. Above all, the Harlem Renaissance â€Å"New Negro Movement† was a cultural movement that celebrated black life and culture. This movement helped gain a new significance and vigorous race relation in the United States; it awakened black commu nities all over the world--Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Height Of Black Culture950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was the height of black culture. It was a time period where blacks and their creativity were finally excepted. Socially, artistically and musically blacks changed the way America saw African americans. The 1920s was the decade that blazed the birth of the modern music era. Jazz, Blues ,Broadway, and Dance Band were extremely popular in 20 s. Most infamous Jazz group were The Kings Men. They were the most popular group in the Jazz world. Originating from south sideRead MoreIs Black History Month Being Honored Correctly Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rights and citizenship for black people. Some people take it as a time to condemn all Caucasians for the harsh treatment the African Americans received on the road to success. I am satisfied with the African American race for constantly instilling the people with information about how they had to fight for freedom, but should that be all they discuss during Black History Month? Many argue that the Caucasians should feel bad and go into hiding during Black History Month because of what their ancestorsRead MoreMalcolm X s Impact On Society s Function1531 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy were really a result of several life even ts that he struggled with and experienced while growing up. Between loosing his parents, being bullied in school and finally having Prison sentence, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz decided that some changes should be arranged in the society’s function. Starting from there, he became a man with a message and a mission. Malcolm X was seeking a change, a step forward and a ray of light. After going through a lot in his life, Malcolm X was detriment to be the burningRead MoreRacial And Ethnic Identity : Racial Prejudice, Racism, And The Harsh Human Nature1306 Words   |  6 Pagesand ethnic identity is embedded in our culture. If somehow culture does not become important anymore, then maybe a post-racial is possible. But culture will always be an important factor in society. Racial practice penetrates through most people’s history and is shown through current political dynamics and economic systems. Racial understanding is what brings people and communities together, untangles c ultural identities, and unites people that live in the same or even different countries around theRead More KWANZAA: Rediscovering our African Culture Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Kwanzaa was first celebrated in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, his family and Friends. Dr. Karenga, a professor of African-American History at CSU, Long Beach, was effected by the Watts Riots of the summer of 1965. He felt that African-Americans had lost touch with their African heritage. He began to study ways that they could help themselves and each other. Dr. Karenga wanted to unify his people and instill a pride in their joint culture. He felt that there should be a special time of the yearRead MoreBlack History After American History900 Words   |  4 PagesBlack History Month started off, as Black History Week in 1926 in 1976 it became a month. It is known that many minorities have suffered in America, Canada, and the United Kingdom especially African Americans; therefore, a month was created to raise awareness of their culture and the role they played in American history. There are other minorities such as Latinos and the Gay/Lesbian community who have suffered and played a hug e role in American history who deserve an annual celebration of achievementsRead MoreCasey Jones . Lowe. 4Th Period. 30 March 2017. Black History1088 Words   |  5 PagesCasey Jones Lowe 4th Period 30 March 2017 Black History Month Black History Month makes us learn a lot about African American history right? Well, unfortunately you are wrong. Many influential people go unrecognized such as Robert Smalls because we cannot fit him like many others in the short month of February. Myself like many other Americans of all races and ethnicities believe that Black history month is an ineffective way to learn about all of the accomplishments of African Americans. We giveRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Olympic Games1743 Words   |  7 PagesKyle Walsh History 261 Adam Johnson 3 April 2015 The Salute Seen Around the World For nearly as long as humans have been around, some form of athletic competition has also existed. Dating back to the ancient Romans, people would travel from all around to see their men compete. Since 1894, the International Olympic Committee has organized the worldwide event we know as the modern Olympic Games. The games have for a long time been a center point of many protests, revolving around the current eventsRead MoreAfrican American History : African Americans1269 Words   |  6 Pagestransformed history or made a mark on our country. African Americans have displayed heroism and bravery for what we believe in. Without Black History Month as a holiday, these people would not have been recognized for all of their many achievements. We must continue to celebrate the achievements of African Americans, and we must correct the inconsistences of the past. Black History Month should be kept as a national holiday as long as we are the United States of America. Black History Month was not

Joints and Body Movements Free Essays

Joints and Body Movements Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and washing your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment beforehand in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices. Exercise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. Children’s heads needs to squeeze through the birth canal during delivery, humans during infancy have evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that meet at regions called cranial â€Å"sutures†. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the first year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly fuse together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development. B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning. Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony surfaces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more stable when ossification of the joint takes place. Exercise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the vertebrae. B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost fat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. It enables the bone to move in a 360 ° angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a lot of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and constant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip? The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360 ° in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5: Observations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased activity tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon ill not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The reason is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a larger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the key -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsible for maintaining structural, provides support and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae: a) Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [ E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joint’s cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints How to cite Joints and Body Movements, Essay examples

Healthcare Delivery Systems Free-Samples for Students-Myassingment

Question: Discuss why Leadership is Increasingly Important in Healthcare and What Role do Followers Play in Enabling Effective Leadership. Answer: Leadership in Health Care Healthcare delivery systems strive to achieve improved patient outcomes through the various administrative and clinical approaches. However, it is a difficult task to realize a new model of leadership by merging the leadership and clinical approaches in the healthcare systems. Over the past several years, caregivers and stakeholders have tried to resolve errors in patient care that lead to deaths that can be avoided (Agrawal, 2009), but little has been achieved concerning the same so far. To solve patient safety, sustainability of finances, capacity, and evidence-based practice, healthcare institutional leaders have to collaborate with clinical leaders. However, this has been difficult to achieve around the world because of the tensions that exist between the groups. Healthcare organizations around the world are based on entities that are bureaucratic and arranged in hierarchies of administration (Yuter, 2011). Nevertheless, the organization is usually faulty since it neglects import ant issues such as collaboration, interdisciplinary engagement, and promotion of trust. As such, it is a challenge to all healthcare systems around the world regardless of the type of system that can be socialized, centralized systems, or free market public and private systems (Hartley et al., 2008). Several reports have been generated so far recommending the placement of the patients at the center of care, emphasizing the importance of quality and safety of care by making it a central concern, and promoting clinically guided care at the bedside. Because of the increase of new demands in the healthcare entity, the bodies are trying to develop ways of combining the client management capabilities of caregivers with the financial needs of todays healthcare delivery systems around the world. As such, it is recommended that shared governance models are implemented, frontline clinical empowerment is promoted to help in making changes, and clinical leadership is advanced. Present Methods of Integrating Clinical and Administrative Leadership Shared governance is one of the action plans used today to combine the administrative and clinical leadership. Shared governance is a leadership approach that gives healthcare professional the power to influence their work and extends the same control into central sections that were highly influenced by managers in the past (Myers et al., 2013). The various forms of governance have different influences as determined by the setting that they are applied. In most cases, the various forums supervise practice guidelines, protocols, and policies. In many cases, the entities that exercise governance serve as recommending bodies instead of having the power to execute changes because they work outside the line management context. The shared governance has positive influences since it leads to increased empowerment as well as job satisfaction (Santos, 2013).The other approach used to integrate clinically, and administrative leadership is the frontline staff empowerment and has since been give n credibility over time. Many nurses have been able to come up with ideas that can improve the safety and increase patient-centered care delivery. This is after the funding and development of literature that gives nurse tips and guidelines for improving care. The empowerment also led to the development of rapid response teams that play essential roles in reducing hospital acquired infections while at the same time improving the surgical outcomes (Regan Rodriguez, 2011). The frontline nurses need to be given training, authority, and resources to improve safety and patient care within the hospitals. Besides, the willing participation of the stuff in the frontline nursing empowerment leads to greater achievements in the healthcare system. The power to implement change is critical, and this is the essential element that dictates the effectiveness of the frontline teams (Sherman et al., 2011). In cases where there is no authority to apply the various changes, it is important that recommendations are given through the bureaucracy while awaiting the decisions. Although the nurses are educated to embrace evidence-based practice, they rarely use this knowledge because of the restriction they have in providing care. In normal circumstances, nurses are expected to analyze the evidence and make decisions according to their understanding after thinking critically and intelligently. However, they are not allowed to this in their job (Baumann, 2010). Besides, they usually lack adequate time and resources that they can utilize to work according to the principles of evidence-based practices because of the patient needs and staff limitations. Stakeholders around the world are trying to address the imbalance between clinical and administrative leadership by focusing on the increase of competence of the clinical leaders as well as their number. The effort targets the development of leade rship of both the physician and nurse. However, many frontline staff has been disillusioned around the world because of the increase in managerialism and centralism. As such some countries have devised ways to counter the reality. For instance, in the United Kingdom, physician leaders are being recruited under the enhancing engagement in medical leadership project (Kabir et al., 2008). On the other hand, several programs in the United States are developed to encourage the competency of the physicians in the healthcare environment. The various programs are driven by the need to improve outcomes and reduce costs as well. Besides, the development of physician leaders aims at supporting the participation of doctors at a faster rate. However, the programs face some challenges in some cases since some doctors are not ready to share their thoughts toward the leadership roles in hospitals since they are accustomed to freedom of action in their practice. Clinical leader roles and leadership education have to be encouraged around to the world to be parallel to the focus in the physician leadership education. For instance, there is the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) developed in the United Sates. The role of the CNL is to help monitor healthcare results accountability for a particular group within the hospital. It also sets a design, application, and follow of patient care plans in a research-based information approach. Clinical leadership is regarded as the link to quality improvement in the United Kingdom and Australia (Ferguson, 2007). Such moves aim at giving nurses the ability to make decisions concerning service delivery and patient care and facilitate processes such as quality improvement at the bedside. However, it is important to note that nursing leadership has been prevented by the past medical subordination, lack of readiness to embrace clinical leaders, and feminized professional roots despite the formalization of training an d role development in the healthcare system. It is important that improved patient outcomes, safety culture, and clinician driven change are put as the primary objectives of the systems to achieve success in the healthcare organization. As such, many accrediting organizations tend to include the various needs in their programs. The various measures add value and possibility of improving clinical leadership. However, they only address small process changes since the structural and organizational pressures disempower them leading to a competition between the financial sustainability and patient-centered care in the healthcare system. Besides, the physicians are used to autonomy, and this makes them view participation in team efforts with other clinicians and working towards organizational priorities as less important (Hamilton et al., 2008). Leadership Challenges in Healthcare Organizations Although the various stakeholders such as the government and regulatory bodies push for improved patient outcomes, the healthcare system lacks a comprehensive remodel of the leadership processes and systems. In many cases, leadership is compared to industry and such viewed as a role instead of a process that can be implemented through other ways art from the administrative hierarchy approaches. Therefore, it is hard to make necessary changes in healthcare by ignoring the healthcare context while demanding for leadership from the clinicians (McDonald, 2014). Leadership is one of the essential areas for development, and this makes, it necessary to develop conditions that can support and improve new leadership models. It is equally important that the nursing profession is disempowered to support the implementation of governance and leadership. In many instances, nursing as a profession is not respected as other professions are respected. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve improved care delivery outcomes by using the clinical leader without the nursing discipline gaining respect like other disciplines and transforming the organizational culture of the working places of the nurses (Katrinli et al., 2008). The professional background of an individual determines the attitudes they have towards healthcare systems. In most cases, the nurse clinician, general managers, and nurse managers support the standardization of clinical systems and teamwork to achieve improved safety and outcomes (Zwanenberg, 2017). However, some medical constituents who do not support collaboration have rejected the systemizations of clinical initiatives. Besides, it is common to find conflicts over goals and decision-making in cases where physician leaders work with managers instead of improving the various relationships. It is not easy to achieve change because of the complications that arise from the autonomy of doctors that paralyzes safety and quality improvement processes. However, it is possible to reach such when the administrative leadership supports clinical leadership. Another great challenge faced by the healthcare organization system is financial problems. Financial problems have been the highly ranked concern around the world (Saarnio, 2016). In most cases, the financial interest is followed by patient outcome quality and safety. The role of the healthcare managers is to monitor the measures of safety and quality achievement as often as it is done to support the financial concerns, therefore, it essential that the managers have to be members of the quality team that can focus on the critical processes. For instance, they can concentrate on reducing time wasting and improving effort instead of focusing on staff and supplies as the only key areas that can help address the need to cut costs. Healthcare systems around the world have a need for improved service, increased innovation and integration. However, the processes solution for these requirements does not have empirical evidence of success. All that has been done so far is an attempt to reform at the strategies for decision-making without proper acknowledgment of the administrative structure and processes that limit the transformation. However, it is hard to transition from a top-down leadership style to a leadership that embraces both the non-clinical executives and business values together with the clinical value systems to have a leadership as a process shared between business and clinical areas (Jones, 2007). To achieve effective change, the various players including clinicians, boards, seniors, patient, and finance officers collaborate to face the different issues within the system. In addition to the proposed structural changes, it is important to address other issues such as the adoption of new leadership methods that promote actions that combine the various stakeholders and key players. Healthcare System Transformation Leadership Framework To achieve significant improvements such as advanced collaborations, leaving of old models, advanced innovations, and notable transformational change in the healthcare delivery systems it is important to improve the understanding of leadership and implementation of leadership. Some entities are built around principles of stability. However, such policies must be avoided at all costs by healthcare organizations since such systems are not flexible and cannot change (Al-Abri, 2007). As such, the healthcare system has to embrace the shared leadership practice to accommodate the built-to-change system. The practice of shared leadership is helpful because it enables the movement of members in new directions as well as the dispersion of leaders across the country (Al-Sawai, 2013). The shared leadership has several advantages including the spread of information and power in the organization, promotion of quality leadership succession, and easy detection of the needs of the clients because of the closeness of the leaders (Cox, 2016). Todays leadership requires the use of dispersed unit leaders as opposed to the traditional central centers of command. The new method of dispersing leaders across organizations helps them in improving their knowledge from team members as well as the original participants. The shared leadership can enjoy mutual influence and empowered change among the leaders since it does not depend on orders given by the senior management alone. Therefore, the shared leadership can be said to be an activity that combines the influence from the horizontal and vertical influence. According to the Center for the Creative Leadership (CCL), leadership is a process that an organization or a community can use to set directions, create alignment, and gain commitment (West et al., 2015). One of the ways of realizing shared leadership is through the promotion of clinical leaders as well as clinical governance. However, this is not the case because physicians cannot be engaged well, administrators and clinical lack trust between themselves, lack of the empowerment of the nursing profession, and the team authority limits weaken the attempts the attempts to initiatives thus requiring new approaches to promote leadership across the organization. The reason for this is that shared leadership needs trust, commitment, and potency. Therefore, the individuals involved in the shared leadership must be knowledgeable and empowered and must have the required authority and resources. The Complexity Leadership Theory (CLT) can be applied to explain well the shared leadership. According to CLT bureaucratic healthcare systems and complex adaptive systems (CAS) are a network of interacting that are neutral and interdependent but combined with the collective changing common goal and prospect (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). They are also systems that can change and usually have hierarchies that overlap due to the dynamic network of CAS that is interactive. CLT is useful since it can help in distinguishing management from leadership by considering the context, the organizational patterns, and variations between leaders and leadership. Bureaucracies work in the sense that administrative leadership has to integrate with the unofficial leaders and processes that can be realized the organization applies necessary changes after individuals collaborate with teams to create the various needs (Giltinane, 2013). This is referred to as adaptive leadership and is supported by the Critical Leadership Theory. It helps in developing advanced ideas and changes that can support organ izational success. Besides, the type of leadership can be implemented at any level within the organization and individuals and teams in the frontline can organize this kind of leadership. Another kind of leadership supported by the CLT is the enabling leadership form of leadership. Enabling leadership can be regarded as the collaboration between the adaptive and administrative leadership that enhances the use of advanced knowledge and process at work (Boylan, 2016). It also assists in balancing the regulatory ideas and process that have to be supported by the administrative leadership. Besides, CLT recognizes the lack of harmony between the organizational leadership and adaptive processes and strives to achieve alignment between the two (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Healthcare systems need to have strong administrative leadership that can support the adaptive processes that will allow the various individual such as clinicians, engineers, information technology teams to practice the frontline leadership. Besides, healthcare systems must move from the perception of entanglements as problems that need quick solutions rather than opportunities for improvement and discussion. Furthermore, CLT views friction and perspective disparities as an unexploited potential that can be used to support innovation and improvement in healthcare organizations. Furthermore, it helps in defining analysis of leadership from ladder and linear views to a dynamic and non-linear understanding of how individuals, as well as occurrences, affect the changes that were planned earlier (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Adaptive and administrative processes have a serious entanglement that must be understood by the leaders in the bureaucratic organizational forms. Besides, the corporate leaders have to design structures that can allow the adaptive function to operate efficiently. It is also the role of enabling leaders to promote adaptive dynamics and incorporating adaptive outcomes in the formal systems. The reason for this that the enabling leader can operate on the platform between the administrative and adaptive leadership (Bailey et al., 2014). Besides, the adaptive leaders can control adaptive changes by being proficient in identifying rising practical outcomes. Furthermore, it is important that leaders appreciate the fact that leadership is based on contexts and as such, they should learn to interact efficiently with the ever changing and complex environments that they operate in their practice. The objective of healthcare systems is to achieve improved patient outcomes. As such, many health systems strive to improve their services to realize their goals. One of the ways of achieving the goals is through having leadership that is capable of organizing the various units and individuals in the organizations. However, several challenges are facing the healthcare systems in their attempt to have quality leadership. The problems include lack of comprehensive remodel of leadership processes, professional background attitudes towards leadership, and financial issues among others. However, the various challenges can be addressed by using shared governance, frontline clinical empowerment, and clinical leadership. Reference Agrawal, A. (2009). Medication errors: prevention using information technology systems. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67(6), 681686. Al-Abri, R. (2007). Managing Change in Healthcare. Oman Medical Journal, 22(3), 910. Al-Sawai, A. (2013). Leadership of Healthcare Professionals: Where Do We Stand? Oman Medical Journal, 28(4), 285287. Bailey, D. E., Docherty, S. L., Adams, J. A., Carthron, D. L., Corazzini, K., Day, J. R., Neglia, E., Thygeson, M., Anderson, R. A. (2012). Studying the clinical encounter with the Adaptive Leadership framework. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 2012(4), 10.2147/JHL.S32686. Baumann, S. L. (2010). The Limitations of Evidenced-Based Practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 23(3), 226 -230. Boylan, M. (2016). Enabling adaptive system leadership. Educational Management Administration Leadership. Cox, J. (2016). Leadership and management roles: Challenges and success strategies. AORN, 104(02). Ferguson, L., Calvert, J., Davie, M., Fallon, M., Fred, N., Gersbach, V., Sinclair, L.(2007). Clinical leadership: using observations of care to focus risk management and quality improvement activities in the clinical setting. Contemp Nurse, 24(2):212-224. Giltinane C. L. (2013) Leadership styles and theories. Nursing Standard. 27(41), 35-39. Hamilton, P., Spurgeon, P., Clark, J., Dent, J.; Armit, K. (2008). Engaging Doctors: Can doctors influence organisational performance? Coventry: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. Hartley, J., Martin, J., Benington, J. (2008). Leadership in Healthcare: a review of the literature for health care professionals, managers and researchers. SDO. Retrieved from https://www.netscc.ac.uk/hsdr/files/project/SDO_FR_08-1601-148_V01.pdf Jones, R. (2008). Nursing leadership and management (1st ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee. Kabir, C., Potty, A., Sharma, R. (2008). Current opportunities for the development of leadership skills for doctors. International Journal of Clinical Leadership,16(3), 115-119. Katrinli, A., Atabay, G., Gunay, G., Guneri, B. (2008). Leadermember exchange, organizational identification and the mediating role of job involvement for nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 354-362. McDonald, R. (2014). Leadership and Leadership Development in Healthcare Settings A Simplistic Solution to Complex Problems? International Journal of Health Policy and Mangement,3(5), 227-229. Myers, M., Parchen, D., Geraci, M., Brenholtz, R., Knisely-Carrigan, D., Hastings, C. (2013). Using a Shared Governance Structure to Evaluate the Implementation of a New Model of Care: The Shared Experience of a Performance Improvement Committee. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(10), 509516. Regan, L. C., Rodriguez, L. (2011). Nurse Empowerment from a Middle-Management Perspective: Nurse Managers and Assistant Nurse Managers Workplace Empowerment Views. The Permanente Journal, 15(1), e101e107. Saarnio, R., Suhonen, M., Isola, A. (2016). Nurse managers visions of future challenges in health care organizations. Journal of Nursing, 3(2). Santos, Jose Luis Guedes dos, Erdmann, Alacoque Lorenzini, Andrade, Selma Regina de, Mello, Ana Lucia Schaefer Ferreira de, Lima, Suzinara Beatriz Soares de, Pestana, Aline Lima. (2013). Nursing governance: an integrative review of the literature. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 47(6), 1417-1425. Sherman, R. O., Schwarzkopf, R., Kiger, A. J. (2011). Charge nurse perspective on frontline leadership in acute care environments. International Scholarly Research Notices. Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. Leadership Institute Faculty Publications. West, M., Armit, K., Loewenthal, L., Eckert, R., West, T. and Lee, A. (2015) Leadership and Leadership Development in Healthcare: The Evidence Base. London, Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management Yuter, S. (2011). A Self-Organizing Group Within a Hierarchical Organization. Doctoral Dissertations. Zwanenberg, Z.(2010). Leadership in Social Care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.